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8 protocols using pcdh ef1 mcs ires puro

1

Lentiviral Overexpression and Knockdown

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WT-VMP1-flag was purchased from WZ Biosciences Inc. China. Mutations in the palmitoylation sites of VMP1 were generated by site-directed mutagenesis using the QuikChange mutagenesis kit (Stratagene, 200,523). All mutations were confirmed by sequencing the entire DNA. For lentiviral overexpression, cDNAs were cloned into pCDH-EF1-MCS-IRES-Puro (System Biosciences). For knockdown, shRNAs of each gene were designed and cloned into pLKO.1 (Addgene, 10,878). For lentiviral infections, HEK293T and SCs were infected with lentivirus in medium containing 8–10 mg/ml polybrene. Cells were selected against 1 mg/ml puromycin for at least 48 h and then used for the described experiments. For DNA or siRNA transfection, HEK293T cells and SCs were transfected using Lipofectamine 2000 (Invitrogen) with DNA or small interfering RNAs. 24 h after transfection, cells were cultured in exosome-depleted medium for 20 h and sEVs were isolated for further analysis.
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2

Characterization of Testisin Variants

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pDisplay-HA-testisin plasmids encoding both WT testisin and the S238A mutant were previously described [15 (link)]. pCDH-EF1-MCS-IRES-Puro was purchased from Systems Biosciences (Palo Alto, CA) and the pCMV-AR8.2 packaging plasmid and pCMV-VSVg envelope plasmid were purchased from Addgene (Cambridge, MA). Dr. Stuart Martin (University of Maryland School of Medicine) generously provided the pMSCV-Luciferase PGK-Hygro luciferase plasmid. Primary antibodies used were: rabbit anti-human influenza hemagglutinin (HA) tag (Abcam, Cambridge, MA), mouse anti-PAR-2 (SAM11, EMD Millipore, Burlington, MA), rabbit anti p-tubulin (Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA), rabbit anti phospho-ERK1/2, rabbit anti total ERK1/2 (Cell Signaling Technologies, Danvers, MA) and rabbit anti-CD31 (Abcam). Mouse anti-Testisin primary antibody D9.1 was isolated from PTA-6077 hybridoma cell line (Pro104.D9.1; ATCC, Manassas, VA). Secondary antibodies utilized were HRP-conjugated anti-mouse and anti-rabbit antibodies (Jackson ImmunoResearch Laboratories, West Grove, PA).
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3

Cloning and Knockdown of Mouse Lyn, Human CD36, and DHHC5

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Full length cDNA of mouse Lyn was cloned from a cDNA library prepared from testis of a C57BL6 mouse. Human CD36 and DHHC5 were cloned in our previous studies20 (link). These genes were cloned into either pcDNA3.3, or pCDH-EF1-MCS-IRES-Puro (System Biosciences). For knockdown, two shRNAs of each gene were designed and cloned into pLKO.1 (Addgene, 10878)55 (link). The primer sequences are listed in Supplementary Table 1.
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4

Generation and Characterization of GIT1 Variants

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Full-length, human GIT1 cDNA was obtained from Addgene (#15225) as initially characterized and deposition by Dr. Alan Rick Horwitz (59 (link)). This construct is the 770 amino acid +9 form and contains a C-terminal FLAG-tag, and was originally cloned from a cDNA library generated from human fetal brain. Full sequence information for this construct is available from Addgene. All human SNVs observed in SCZ subjects and controls were generated in this GIT1-FLAG construct with the Stratagene Quick-Change mutagenesis kit and confirmed by standard Sanger sequencing. Oligonucleotides used for mutagenesis were as follows:
Selected GIT1 and GIT1 SNV constructs were then subcloned into the lentivirus expression vector pCDH-EF1-MCS-IRES-puro (System Biosciences #CD532A-2) and packaged into lentiviruses.
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5

Cloning and Expressing Human CCT and Mouse WDTC1

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Full-length cDNAs of human CCT1-8 subunits of the CCT were generous gifts from Dr. Jiahuai Han at Xiamen University, China. The coding regions of these genes were cloned into pcDNA3.3 (Thermo Fisher Scientific) with an N-terminal Flag tag. Mouse WDTC1 were cloned from a cDNA library prepared from testis mRNA of a C57BL6 mouse. A pIRESpuro-GLUE vector (Addgene, #15100) (Angers et al., 2006 (link)) was used to generate a stable cell line for the purification of WDTC1-interacting proteins. For lentiviral overexpression, genes were cloned into either pCDH-EF1-MCS-IRES-Puro (System Biosciences) or pCDH-EF1-MCS-IRES-BSD (modified from the former one by replacing the puromycin resistance gene to blasticidin resistant gene) with or without the N-terminal Flag tag. For knockdown of genes, a pLKO.1 vector (Addgene, 10878) (Moffat et al., 2006 (link)) was used. The primer sequences are listed in Supplementary Table S1.
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6

Generating Truncated-NSD1 Lentiviral Vectors

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Truncated-NSD1 (exon-10–21) cDNA was cloned into pCDH-EF1-MCS-IRES-Puro (System Biosciences). Site-specific mutation of truncated-NSD1 (R2017Q) was generated using a site-directed mutagenesis kit (Vazyme).
Lentivirus were generated by transfecting 293T cells with the indicated expression plasmids and the psPAX2 (Addgene) and pVSVG (Addgene) packaging vectors at a ratio of 4:2:3, respectively. Viral supernatants were collected 72 hrs after transfection and concentrated using the PEG Virus Precipitation Kit (SystemBio) according to the manufacturer’s protocol.
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7

Cloning and Knockdown of ARF and EXOC Genes

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Full-length cDNA of human ARF1, ARF3, ARF4, ARF5, ARF6, EXOC1-8, EFA6B, and EGFR were cloned from a cDNA library prepared from HEK293T or HeLa cells. These genes were cloned into either pcDNA3.3 or pCDH-EF1-MCS-IRES-Puro (pCDH-puro, System Biosciences) with indicated tags. For knockdown, shRNAs were cloned into pLKO.1 (Addgene, 10878) or pLL3.7 (Addgene, 11795). SgRNA was cloned into pLentiCRISPR (Addgene, 52961). Site-directed mutagenesis was performed using commercial kits from New England Biolabs. The primer sequences are listed in Supplementary Table 1.
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8

Epitope-tagged Glis Protein Expression

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Mouse Glis2 (NCBI Accession NM_031184) was cloned into several vectors with different epitope tag combinations: pLenti CMV GFP Blast (Addgene, Cat. no. #17445) with N-terminal V5 tag and C-terminal EGFP tag; pLVX-TetOne (Takara, Cat. no. 631846) with C-term FLAG tag; pHTC HaloTag® CMV-neo was used to clone Glis2 with C-term Halo tag. Human GLIS2 (NCBI Accession NM_032575) was purchased as GLIS2-HaloTag® human ORF in pFN21A (Promega, Cat. no. FHC03277). Mouse Glis3 (NCBI Accession NM_175459) was cloned into pLenti CMV GFP Blast with C-term EGFP tag. The cilia marker Nphp3(1-200)-mApple was made by amplifying a fragment corresponding to amino acid 1-200 of mouse Nphp3 (NCBI Accession NM_028721.3) from mouse kidney cDNA and combining it in-frame with mApple using PCR, followed by subcloning into a pCDH-Hygro vector which was modified from pCDH-EF1-MCS-IRES-Puro (System Biosciences). All constructs were validated by sequencing and immunoblot expression analysis. Transient transfection of HEK293T cells was done with Lipofectamine 2000 (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Cat. no. 11668030). Stable gene expression was achieved using lentivirus transduction and selection with appropriate antibiotic.
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