Sodium phosphate monobasic dihydrate

Tri-n-propylamine (TPrA, MW = 143.27 g mol⁻¹, ≥98% v/v), sodium phosphate monobasic dihydrate (NaH₂PO₄·2H₂O, MW = 156.01 g mol⁻¹, ≥99%), sodium phosphate dibasic (Na₂HPO₄, MW = 141.96 g mol⁻¹, ≥99.5%) and phosphoric acid (H₃PO₄, MW = 98.00 g mol⁻¹, ≥85%) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. 2.8 μm polystyrene magnetic beads covalently linked to [Ru(bpy)₃]²⁺ were purchased from Roche Diagnostics. Na₃[Ir(sppy)₃] was purchased from Luminescence Technology Corp. while [Ir(dfppy)₂(pt-TEG)]Cl and [Ir(bt)₂(pt-TEG)]Cl were synthesised as reported in literature.^{13 (link)}

Sodium phosphate dibasic, sodium phosphate monobasic dihydrate, tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane (Tris), N-[Tris(hydroxymethyl)methyl]-2-aminoethanesulfonic acid (TES), MHA, MCH, N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N′-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC), N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS), 2-(N-morpholino) ethanesulfonic acid (MES), potassium chloride (KCl), hexaammineruthenium(III) chloride and bovine serum albumin (BSA) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Potassium hexacyanoferrate(III) (K₃[Fe(CN)₆]) and potassium hexacyanoferrate(II) trihydrate (K₄[Fe(CN)₆]) 3H₂O were purchased from Showa Chemical (Tokyo, Japan). All chemicals were of reagent grade and were used without further purification. All solutions were prepared with water purified through a Milli-Q system.

p-Nitrophenyl phosphate (pNPP), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), sodium phosphate monobasic dihydrate, sodium phosphate dibasic, sodium hydroxide, sodium azide, tris-(hydroxymethyl)-aminomethane (Tris), bis-(2-hydroxyethyl)-imino-tris-(hydroxymethylmethane) (Bis-Tris), N,N,N′,N′-ethylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA), dithiothreitol (DTT), methanol-d₄, and HPLC grade acetonitrile were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA), recombinant human PTP1B (BML-SE332-0050, EC 3.1.3.48) was purchased from Enzo Life Sciences Inc. (Farmingdale, NY, USA), and formic acid was purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). Water was purified by deionization and filtration through a 0.22 μm membrane (Millipore, Billerica, MA, USA).

The MeOH used for HPLC analysis was obtained from J. T. Baker (Avantor Performance Materials LLC, Center Valley, PA, USA), whereas the other organic solvents used for extraction and separation were obtained from Samchun Pure Chemical Co., LTD (Pyeongtaek, Korea). Dimethyl sulfoxide, sodium phosphate monobasic dihydrate, ammonium sulfate, sodium hydroxide, potassium phosphate monobasic, sodium phosphate dibasic dodecahydrate, β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide 2′-phosphate reduced tetrasodium salt hydrate (NADPH), ammonia solution (28–30%), formic acid (98%), glacial acetic acid, DL-glyceraldehyde (dimer), trifluoroacetic acid (TFA, 99%), Trolox, quercetin, 2,2′-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS), fluorescein sodium salt, 2,2′-azobis (2-methylpropionamidine) dihydrochloride (AAPH), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), sodium hypochlorite solution (10–15%), potassium persulfate, and 1,8-diaminonaphthalene (99%), were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich Chemical Co. (St. Louis, MO, USA). Human recombinant AR was purchased from Wako Pure Chemical Industries Ltd. (Osaka, Japan). Quercitrin was separated in our lab [39 (link)]. Epalrestat was purchased from CSNpharm (Arlington Heights, IL, USA). All the n-BuOH used for separations was saturated using water before use.

L-Kynurenine sulfate salt (K3750), acetaminophen (A7085), acetylsalicylic acid (A5376), diclofenac sodium salt (D6899), ibuprofen (I4883), indomethacin (I7378), meloxicam sodium salt hydrate (M3935), naproxen sodium (M1275), nimesulide (N1016), piroxicam (P5654), reagents for Krebs Ringer buffer preparation: sodium chloride (S7653), potassium chloride (P9333), magnesium sulfate heptahydrate (M7506), calcium chloride anhydrous (C1016), sodium phosphate monobasic dihydrate (71,505), sodium phosphate dibasic (S0876), glucose (G8270); dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) (D1435); reagents for KATs analysis: Trizma base (T1503), acetic acid (A6283), pyridoxal 5′-phosphate hydrate (P9255), 2-mercaptoethanol (M3148), sodium pyruvate (P2256), and D-glutamine (D9003) were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich. Substances needed to perform high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) were purchased from J.T. Baker Chemicals and from Sigma-Aldrich. Most tested drugs were dissolved in DMSO, whereas naproxen was administered in an aqueous solution. DMSO was given to adequate control samples and its concentration was not higher than 5% [25 (link)].

Commercial O. vulgare essential oil (CO) was purchased from Botanicessence (Product of Spain) (Bangkok, Thailand). Carvacrol, α-tocopherol, 2,2′-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,4,6, tripyridyl-s-triazine (TPTZ), hydrochloric acid (HCl), acetic acid (CH₃COOH), linoleic acid, hyaluronidase from bovine testes, sodium chloride (NaCl), collagenase from Clostridium histolyticum, N-[3-(2-furyl)acryloyl]-Leu-Gly-Pro-Ala (FALGPA), elastase from porcine pancreas, N-succinyl-Ala-Ala-Ala-p-nitroanilide (AAAVPN), sodium phosphate monobasic dihydrate (NaH₂PO₄.2H₂O), and sodium phosphate dibasic dihydrate (Na₂HPO₄.2H₂O) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA); α-Ascorbic acid was purchased from Asia Pacific Specialty Chemicals Limited (New South Wales, Australia). Anhydrous sodium sulfate (Na₂SO₄), ferric chloride hexahydrate (FeCl₃.6H₂O), ferrous sulphate heptahydrate (FeSO₄.7H₂O), and ammonium thiocyanate (NH₄SCN) were purchased from Loba Chemie (Boisar, Tarapur, India). Bovine serum albumin was purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). Tricine was purchased from Bio-Rad Laboratories (Richmond, CA, USA). Sodium acetate trihydrate (CH₃COONa.3H₂O), calcium chloride dihydrate (CaCl₂.2H₂O), sodium hydroxide (NaOH), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), dichloromethane, methanol, and ethanol were analytical grade and purchased from RCI Labscan Co., Ltd. (Bangkok, Thailand).