The distribution profiles of fructans were carried out in a liquid ion-exchange chromatograph DIONEX ICS-5000 (Thermoscientific, Waltham, MA, USA), using a Carbopac PA-100 (40 × 250 mm) column with a precolumn (40 × 25 mm) with a gradient of 100 mM NaOH and 600 mM CH3COONa for 90 minutes at 35 °C. Chicory inulin (SIGMA ALDRICH I-2255, St. Louis, MO, USA) was used as a standard. Additionally, standards of glucose, fructose, sucrose, kestose and nystose (SIGMA ALDRICH, St. Louis, MO, USA) were included to complete the distribution profile. Prior to their injection, samples were diluted in mili-Q water (2 mg·mL−1) and filtered through a 0.45 µm (Millipore®, Burlington, MA, USA) nylon membrane; the obtained results were expressed in nC versus time.
Kestose
Manufactured by Merck Group
Sourced in United States
Kestose is a type of fructooligosaccharide (FOS) used in laboratory settings. It serves as a substrate for enzymatic reactions and microbial growth studies.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Nystose, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Dionex ics 5000, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Pa100, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
L rhamnose, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Cellulase from, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
D xylose, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
D mannose, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Galacturonic acid gala, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Phenyl β glucoside, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
D galactose, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
L arabinose, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
D fructose, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Sucrose, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
D glucose, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Maltodextrin, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Maltulose, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Galactose, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Myo inositol, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Maltose, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Glucose, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
3 protocols using kestose
1
Profiling Fructans by Ion-Exchange Chromatography
2
Enzymatic Characterization of Pectin Hydrolysis
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Commercial standards L-arabinose, D-xylose, L-rhamnose, D-galactose, Dmannose, D-glucose, D-fructose, sucrose, kestose, nystose, galacturonic acid (GalA), digalacturonic acid (Di-GalA) and phenyl-β-glucoside were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (Steinheim, Germany). Trigalacturonic acid (Tri-GalA) was acquired from Carbosynth (Compton, UK). Artichoke pectin used as substrate was previously obtained in our laboratory (Sabater et al., 2018a) .
Enzyme preparation Viscozyme ® L (endo-1,3(4)-β-glucanase from A. aculeatus) was a generous gift from Novozymes (Bagsvaerd, Denmark). Cellulase from A. niger was purchased from Sigma Aldrich (Steinheim, Germany). To remove low M w compounds, present in these preparations, a purification step using a PD-10 Sephadex G25 desalting column (Desalting Workmate, Buckinghamshire, UK) was carried out and enzymatic activity was measured as previously described by Sabater et al. (2019a) (link).
The hydrolytic activity of Cellulase from A. niger after purification treatment was 258.8 ± 56.4 U g -1 and the protein content and specific activity values were 15.7 ± 1.2 mg g -1 and 16.5 ± 3.6 U mg -1 protein, respectively.
Enzyme preparation Viscozyme ® L (endo-1,3(4)-β-glucanase from A. aculeatus) was a generous gift from Novozymes (Bagsvaerd, Denmark). Cellulase from A. niger was purchased from Sigma Aldrich (Steinheim, Germany). To remove low M w compounds, present in these preparations, a purification step using a PD-10 Sephadex G25 desalting column (Desalting Workmate, Buckinghamshire, UK) was carried out and enzymatic activity was measured as previously described by Sabater et al. (2019a) (link).
The hydrolytic activity of Cellulase from A. niger after purification treatment was 258.8 ± 56.4 U g -1 and the protein content and specific activity values were 15.7 ± 1.2 mg g -1 and 16.5 ± 3.6 U mg -1 protein, respectively.
3
Carbohydrate Composition of Infant Formulas
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Analytical reference substances such as fructose, galactose, glucose, myo-inositol, lactose, maltulose, maltose, kestose, nystose and maltodextrins with a degree of polymerization (DP) from 2 to 5 were purchased from Sigma (St. Louis, MO, USA).
Raftilose ® and Wako ® FOS were from Orafti (ORAFTI, Barcelona, Spain) and Wako (Chemical Industries, Osaka, Japan), respectively. Vivinal ® GOS were from Domo (Friesland Campina Domo, Amersfoort, Netherlands).
Twenty four IFs were purchased from several Spanish chemist's, corresponding to starting and follow-up formulas without prebiotics (n=8), 4 with lactose (C) and 4 lactose free (LF), and prebiotic-enriched IF (n=16), 3 with FOS (PFOS), 7 with GOS (PGOS), and 6 with mixtures of GOS/FOS (PGOS/FOS). Table 1 shows their carbohydrate composition as indicated on the product labels. All samples were analysed before their expiry date and all determinations were done in duplicate.
Raftilose ® and Wako ® FOS were from Orafti (ORAFTI, Barcelona, Spain) and Wako (Chemical Industries, Osaka, Japan), respectively. Vivinal ® GOS were from Domo (Friesland Campina Domo, Amersfoort, Netherlands).
Twenty four IFs were purchased from several Spanish chemist's, corresponding to starting and follow-up formulas without prebiotics (n=8), 4 with lactose (C) and 4 lactose free (LF), and prebiotic-enriched IF (n=16), 3 with FOS (PFOS), 7 with GOS (PGOS), and 6 with mixtures of GOS/FOS (PGOS/FOS). Table 1 shows their carbohydrate composition as indicated on the product labels. All samples were analysed before their expiry date and all determinations were done in duplicate.
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