In order to find the mean lethal dose (LD50) SHE-196 was introduced by oral gavage to CD-1 mice (n = 6) at a single dose of 30, 50 and 100 mg/kg. Animals’ mortality was evaluated for the next 10 days. LD50 was calculated by the Finney’s Probit analysis [28 (link)]. During the first 6 h after the administration blood glucose was measured with a ONE TOUCH Select blood glucose meter (LIFESCAN Inc., Milpitas, CA, USA). Blood samples were obtained from tail incision.
Onetouch select
Manufactured by LifeScan
Sourced in United States
The OneTouch Select is a compact and portable blood glucose monitoring device designed for personal use. It provides accurate measurements of blood glucose levels to support diabetes management.
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Lab products found in correlation
14 protocols using onetouch select
1
Determining LD50 of SHE-196 in Mice
2
Blood Glucose Monitoring in Rats
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Blood was collected from the tip of tail of the animals after 12 h overnight fasting and blood glucose measurement was performed using a glucometer (OneTouch Select, LifeScan, Milpitas, CA, USA). The blood glucose levels were monitored at 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 24 and 28 days of treatment. Testing intervals were recommended by the Local Committee on the Ethical Use of Animals of the Medical University in Białystok to regenerate tip of rats tails. The obtained data were plotted against time and expressed as percentage glucose reduction in blood.
3
Glucose Homeostasis Evaluation in Rats
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Body weights and blood glucose concentrations were determined at baseline and every four weeks, of treatment Blood glucose concentration was determined using a glucometer and strips (OneTouch Select, LifeScan Inc., Milipitas, CA, USA). OGTTs were performed after 12 weeks of treatment. Briefly, after 16 h of fast, rats were gavaged with GRE treatments 1 h (t = −60 min) before administration of a glucose bolus (t = 0 min) at 2 g/kg glucose (50% Dextrose-Fresenius 50%). Plasma glucose concentrations were determined at −60 and at 0, 15, 30, 60, 120, and 240 min, respectively, relative to the glucose bolus (t = 0). Twenty-four-hour water and food intake were determined, in metabolic cages, prior to commencement of treatment with GRE, as well as 12 weeks after treatment with GRE (Figure S5 ). Upon completion of the study period, all experimental rats were sacrificed under anesthesia after an overnight (16 h) fast and final treatment dose of GRE in jelly 2 h before sacrifice. Blood was collected, HOMO-IR was calculated using plasma glucose levels and insulin levels as previously described [54 (link)], liver tissue was removed, weighed, and samples were stored in RNAlater solution (4 °C) to preserve the mRNA integrity. Samples were also frozen in liquid nitrogen and stored at −80 °C until analyses.
4
Comprehensive Biomarker Assessment Protocol
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Total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, and triglycerides levels were measured using Cobas Integra 400 Plus Analyzer (Roche Diagnostic Limited, Switzerland). Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels were calculated using the Friedewald equation.20 (link) All participants in the study provided a venous collected blood specimen which was used for HIV testing using two parallel HIV kits – UnigoldTM Recombigen® and Determine HIV-1/2 (Abbott Laboratories, Japan) as per manufacturer instructions. CD4 cell count was measured using an automated BD FACS Calibur Machine (BD Biosciences, San Jose, CA, USA). After an overnight fast for >8 hours, fasting blood glucose levels were measured from a sterile finger prick blood sample using an automated machine (OneTouch Select, LifeScan, CA, USA). The OneTouch Select reports a plasma glucose equivalent and has been shown to be >90% accurate (compared to venous plasma glucose measurement) in diagnosing diabetes mellitus. KCMC physicians measured blood pressure with an automatic sphygmomanometer (Omron, Kyoto, Japan) in a quiet, private room after resting for at least 5 minutes with the average of three readings recorded.21 (link)
5
Overnight Fasting Glucose Measurement
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In mice fasted overnight for 16 h, FPG concentrations were measured by tail prick using a OneTouch Select handheld glucometer (LifeScan Inc., Milpitas, CA, USA), according to the manufacturer’s instructions.
6
Mouse Tail Vein Glucose Measurement
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Random blood glucose measurement was performed on blood samples obtained from the mouse tail vein. Glucose level was measured using a glucometer kit (One Touch Select; Lifescan; Malvern, PA, USA), following the protocol recommended by the manufacturer.
7
Fasting Glucose and Insulin Measurement
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Mice were fasted for 4 h before plasma glucose levels were measured on a weekly basis by tail pricks using an OneTouch Select handheld glucometer (LifeScan, Milpitas, CA, USA). Fasting plasma insulin was determined using the Radioimmunoassay Kit, as per manufacturer’s instruction. HOMA-IR was calculated using FPG and insulin values, according to a previous described method [53 (link)].
8
Oral Glucose Tolerance Test Protocol
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At enrolment, blood samples were obtained and the CD4 count was measured using an automated BD FACS Calibur Machine (BD Biosciences, San Jose, CA, USA). A urine pregnancy test was performed on women whose last menstrual period was >1 month prior to the date of interview. Enrolled study subjects were instructed to return to the clinic the following morning after an overnight fast.
All participants underwent an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) according to WHO protocol [12 ]. After an overnight fast for >8 hours, fasting blood glucose levels were measured from a sterile finger prick blood sample using an automated machine (OneTouch Select, LifeScan, CA, USA). The OneTouch Select reports a plasma glucose equivalent and has been shown to be >90% accurate (compared to venous plasma glucose measurement) in diagnosing diabetes mellitus when used for OGTT in resource-limited settings [13 (link)]. Each participant was then given 400mls of Lucozade (Glaxo Smith-Kline, London, UK), which is equivalent to a 75g glucose loading dose in water, over a duration of <5 minutes [14 (link)]. Blood glucose levels were measured again, 2 hours after ingestion of glucose.
All participants underwent an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) according to WHO protocol [12 ]. After an overnight fast for >8 hours, fasting blood glucose levels were measured from a sterile finger prick blood sample using an automated machine (OneTouch Select, LifeScan, CA, USA). The OneTouch Select reports a plasma glucose equivalent and has been shown to be >90% accurate (compared to venous plasma glucose measurement) in diagnosing diabetes mellitus when used for OGTT in resource-limited settings [13 (link)]. Each participant was then given 400mls of Lucozade (Glaxo Smith-Kline, London, UK), which is equivalent to a 75g glucose loading dose in water, over a duration of <5 minutes [14 (link)]. Blood glucose levels were measured again, 2 hours after ingestion of glucose.
9
Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rat Model
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Healthy Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 170-200 g (fed for 14 h with 5% glucose solution to prevent hypoglycemic shock) were injected intraperitoneally with 140 mg/kg alloxan monohydrate in distilled water [11 (link)] after their fasting blood sugar (FBS) were ascertained by the enzymatic glucose oxidase method using a commercial OneTouch Select™ blood glucose meter (LifeScan Inc, Milpitas, CA, China). Drops of blood for the test were obtained from the tail vein of the rats. 5 days after, rats with FBS above 15.0 mmol/L were considered diabetic and were selected for this study.
10
Glucose Tolerance Test in Rats
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Glucose tolerance tests (GTT) were conducted on the 55th day of treatment after an overnight fast. FBG concentrations were determined after tail pricking and analyzed by a glucometer (OneTouch Select; Lifescan inc., Milpitas, California, USA). Thereafter, the rats were intraperitoneally injected with D-glucose (3.0 g/kg BW) in normal saline and blood glucose concentrations measured at 0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 mins in all groups. The Area under the curves (AUC) were calculated from blood glucose-time plots (mmol/l) x time (min) in GTT and expressed as AUC units [28 (link)].
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