Tetrahydrofuran

Manufactured by Avantor

Sourced in United States, Poland, Germany, Hungary

Tetrahydrofuran is a colorless, volatile, and flammable organic solvent used in various laboratory and industrial applications. It is a cyclic ether with the chemical formula C₄H₈O. Tetrahydrofuran is commonly used as a solvent for polymers, resins, and other organic compounds.

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Lab products found in correlation

Methanol, by Avantor (15 mentions) Acetonitrile, by Avantor (13 mentions) Dichloromethane, by Avantor (9 mentions) Toluene, by Avantor (8 mentions) Acetone, by Avantor (7 mentions) Chloroform, by Avantor (6 mentions) Isopropanol, by Avantor (5 mentions) Ethanol, by Avantor (5 mentions) Ethyl acetate, by Avantor (4 mentions) Dimethyl sulfoxide (dmso), by Avantor (3 mentions) Diethyl ether, by Avantor (3 mentions) Ferulic acid, by Merck Group (3 mentions) Sodium hydroxide (naoh), by Merck Group (3 mentions) Sodium borohydride, by Merck Group (3 mentions) Acetic acid, by Merck Group (3 mentions) Cyclohexane, by Avantor (3 mentions) Formic acid, by Merck Group (3 mentions) Sodium chloride (nacl), by Avantor (3 mentions) Butylated hydroxytoluene, by Merck Group (3 mentions) Dichloromethane, by Molar Chemicals (2 mentions)

Close spelling variants of this product

Tetrahydrofuran (THF) (31 citations) Tetrahydrofuran (THF) HPLC grade (2 citations)

52 protocols using tetrahydrofuran

Synthesis and Characterization of Isocyanonaphthalene Derivatives

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Acetone, dichloromethane (DCM), n-hexane, 2-propanol, toluene (reagent grade) were obtained from Molar Chemicals, Hungary, and they were purified by atmospheric pressure distillation. Furthermore, acetonitrile (MeCN), tetrahydrofuran (THF), methanol (MeOH), dimethyl-formamide (DMF), dimethyl-sulfoxide (DMSO), pyridine (HPLC grade, VWR, Darmstadt, Germany), ethylacetate (EtOAc), (reagent grade, Molar Chemicals, Hungary), 1,4-dioxane (reagent grade, Reanal, Hungary), 1,4-diaminonaphthalene (Sigma-Aldrich, Schnelldorf, Germany) were used without further purification. 2,6-diaminonaphthalene was purchased from Manchester Organics (London, UK) and purified by column chromatography.
The 1-amino-4-isocyanonaphthalene (1,4-ICAN) and the 2-amino-6-isocyanonaphthalene (2,6-ICAN) isomers were synthesized from the corresponding diamines (1,4- and 2,6-diaminonaphthalene), and the obtained products were characterized similarly to that reported for the 1-amino-5-isocyanonaphthalene [15 (link)]. The details of the synthesis and the characterization of 1,4-ICAN and 2,6-ICAN are given in the Supporting Information.

Kovács S.L., Nagy M., Fehér P.P., Zsuga M, & Kéki S. (2019). Effect of the Substitution Position on the Electronic and Solvatochromic Properties of Isocyanoaminonaphthalene (ICAN) Fluorophores. Molecules, 24(13), 2434.

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Characterization of Kraft Lignin from Norway Spruce

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Wood chips were obtained from Norway spruce (Picea abies). Kraft lignin from Norway spruce (Picea abies) was obtained from processed black liquor in the LignoBoost process.
All water used in the experiments was Milli-Q water (Millipore, Q-POD, Millipak 0.22 μm filter). Ethanol (absolute) and Tetrahydrofuran (HPLC grade) were purchased from VWR chemicals. Sulfuric acid (>95%, analytical grade) and acetic anhydride (99.7%, analytical grade) from Fischer chemicals. Pyridine (anhydrous, 99.8%), endo-N-hydroxy-5-norbornene-2,3-dicarboximide (eHNDI; 97%), chromium(iii) acetylacetonate (Cr(acac₃); 99.99%), 2-chloro-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaphospholane (Cl-TMDP; 95%), [D₆] DMSO (99.9 at% D), N,N-dimethylformamide (anhydrous, 99.8%), CDCl₃ (≥99.8 at% D) were purchased from Sigma–Aldrich. Acetone (VWR chemicals, lot #19F064007); 0.45 μm membrane filters (Fisherbrand, PTFE, 0.45 μm) were used.

Pylypchuk I.V., Karlsson M., Lindén P.A., Lindström M.E., Elder T., Sevastyanova O, & Lawoko M. (2023). Molecular understanding of the morphology and properties of lignin nanoparticles: unravelling the potential for tailored applications. Green Chemistry, 25(11), 4415-4428.

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Synthesis and Characterization of Amphiphilic Copolymers

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Tetrahydrofuran (THF) and diethyl ether were HPLC-grade and obtained from VWR International GmbH (Darmstadt, Germany). For polymer synthesis, THF was dried by refluxing over potassium and sodium and subsequently distilled. Maleic anhydride (MA) and aniline were purchased from Thermo Fisher Scientific and VWR International GmbH, respectively. Tetradecyl acrylate (TDA) and poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate (methoxy-PEG-monomethacrylate, mPEG-MAc) with an average Mn of 950 were obtained from TCI Deutschland GmbH (Eschborn, Germany) and used as received. 2,2′-Azobis(2-methylpropionitril) (AIBN), 2-(2-(2-(2-azidoethoxy)ethoxy)ethoxy)ethan-1-amine (azido-TEG-amine) and triethylamine (TEA) were from Sigma-Aldrich Chemie GmbH (Taufkirchen, Germany). Acetone was purchased from Carl Roth GmbH + Co. KG (Karlsruhe, Germany), and aqueous ammonia (25% m/V) was obtained from Grüssing GmbH (Filsum, Germany). Deuterated solvents, CDCl₃, DMSO-D6, both with tetramethyl silane, and D₂O were purchased from ARMAR GmbH (Leipzig, Germany). Float-A-Lyzer^® dialysis devices from Repligen Europe B.V. (Dreda, The Netherlands), with a cellulose ester membrane and a molecular weight cut off of 0.1–0.5 kDa were used.

Wenzel B., Schmid M., Teodoro R., Moldovan R.P., Lai T.H., Mitrach F., Kopka K., Fischer B., Schulz-Siegmund M., Brust P, & Hacker M.C. (2023). Radiofluorination of an Anionic, Azide-Functionalized Teroligomer by Copper-Catalyzed Azide-Alkyne Cycloaddition. Nanomaterials, 13(14), 2095.

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Synthesis of Multifunctional Siloxane Polymers

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Unless otherwise stated, all chemicals were of reagent grade and used without purification. 1,3,5,7-Tetramethyl-1,3,5,7-tetravinyl cyclotetrasiloxane (V₄) was purchased from ABCR. 2,2-Dimethoxy-2-phenylacetophenone (DMPA), 2,2′-(ethylenedioxy)diethanethiol (CL2), pentaerythritol tetrakis (3-mercapto propionate) (CL4), benzene, toluene, sodium hydroxide, tetramethylammonium hydroxide 25% in MeOH (TMAH), hydrochloric acid, and thioacetic acid were purchased from Merck. Methanol, dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), acetonitrile (ACN), and tetrahydrofuran (THF) were purchased from VWR. As a sacrificial layer, a solution of PVA in isopropanol/2-butanol from Suter Kunststoffe AG was used. Elastosil films with a thickness of 200 μm were purchased from Wacker. Polymethylvinylsiloxane (PV) (M_n = 105 500 g mol⁻¹, M_w = 375 000 g mol⁻¹, PDI = 3.55) and 2-(methylsulfonyl)-ethanethiol were prepared according to the literature.^{32 (link)}

Sheima Y., Venkatesan T.R., Frauenrath H, & Opris D.M. (2023). Synthesis of polysiloxane elastomers modified with sulfonyl side groups and their electromechanical response. Journal of Materials Chemistry. C, 11(22), 7367-7376.

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HPLC Analysis of Phenolic Compounds

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HPLC grade methanol, acetonitrile, tetrahydrofuran and isopropanol were purchased from VWR International (Mississauga, ON, Canada). HPLC grade phosphoric acid and acetic acid were purchased from VWR International. The primary grade reference standards chlorogenic acid (purity: 93.9%), rutin (purity: 89.3%), quercetin (purity: 93.4%) and isoquercetin (purity: 93.2%) were purchased from Chromadex (Irvine, CA, USA). Water was deionized using a Barnstead water purification system (Fisher Scientific, Ottawa, ON, Canada). Stock solutions of the reference standards were prepared at 1000 µg/mL. Each day mixed calibration solutions ranging from 0.5 to 200 µg/mL were prepared.

Mudge E., Applequist W.L., Finley J., Lister P., Townesmith A.K., Walker K.M, & Brown P.N. (2016). Variation of Select Flavonols and Chlorogenic Acid Content of Elderberry Collected Throughout the Eastern United States. Journal of food composition and analysis : an official publication of the United Nations University, International Network of Food Data Systems, 47, 52-59.

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Solvent Preparation for Analytical Chemistry

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Methanol, water, and pyridine (stored over 4 Å molecular sieve under argon) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Chloroform (stabilized with ethanol) and tetrahydrofuran (for LC–MS, without stabilizer) as purchased from VWR were stored under argon. Ethanol in LC grade and hexane in GC grade were purchased from Merck. All other solvents had HPLC grade.

Kuhlisch C., Althammer J., Sazhin A.F., Jakobsen H.H., Nejstgaard J.C, & Pohnert G. (2020). Metabolomics-derived marker metabolites to characterize Phaeocystis pouchetii physiology in natural plankton communities. Scientific Reports, 10, 20444.

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Synthesis of Azobenzene Derivatives

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Tridecanoic acid, oxalyl chloride, and the azobenzene starting materials were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich and were used without further purification. Dichloromethane, tetrahydrofuran, dimethylforamide, and methanol were purchased from VWR and were used as received.

Han G.G., Li H, & Grossman J.C. (2017). Optically-controlled long-term storage and release of thermal energy in phase-change materials. Nature Communications, 8, 1446.

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Synthesis of Labeled Ferulic Acid

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Research chemicals were obtained from the following suppliers: Cu(I)Cl, copper(II)-tetramethylethylenediamine (TMEDA), HCl (37%), NaOH, ammonium chloride, ethyl acetate, and ethanol from Carl Roth GmbH (Karlsruhe, Germany); acetonitrile, diethyl ether, methanol, acetone, petroleum ether, tetrahydrofuran, and Na₂SO₄ from VWR International (Radnor, PA, USA); acetone-d₆, ferulic acid, [1-¹³C]triethyl phosphonoacetate, and trifluoroacetic acid from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA); D₂O from deutero GmbH (Kastellaun, Germany); acetyl chloride and vanillin from Fluka (Buchs, Switzerland); formic acid from Merck KGaA (Darmstadt, Germany); NaHCO₃ from Riedel-de Haën AG (Seelze, Germany); carbogen (5% CO₂) from Air Liquide S.A. (Düsseldorf, Germany), and NaH (60% dispersion in oil) from Alfa Aesar (Karlsruhe, Germany).

Waterstraat M, & Bunzel M. (2018). A Multi-Step Chromatographic Approach to Purify Radically Generated Ferulate Oligomers Reveals Naturally Occurring 5-5/8-8(Cyclic)-, 8-8(Noncyclic)/8-O-4-, and 5-5/8-8(Noncyclic)-Coupled Dehydrotriferulic Acids. Frontiers in Chemistry, 6, 190.

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Synthesis of Silica-Polymer Nanocomposites

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Styrene (Sigma-Aldrich, 99%), methacryloxymethyltriethoxysilane (MMS, ABCR, 98%), sodium persulfate (Sigma-Aldrich, 99%), Symperonic^® NP30 (Aldrich), sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS, Sigma-Aldrich, >90%), tetraethoxysilane (Sigma-Aldrich, 99%), ʟ-arginine (98.5%, Sigma-Aldrich), ammonium hydroxide (28–30% in water, SDS), sodium chloride, (≥99.0%, Sigma-Aldrich), and sodium hydroxide (≥98%, pellets, Sigma-Aldrich) were used as received. Ultrapure water with a resistivity of 18.2 MΩ·cm at 25 °C obtained from a Milli-Q system (Millipore) was also systematically used. Absolute ethanol and tetrahydrofuran (>99%) were purchased from VWR Chemicals.

Liu B., Duguet E, & Ravaine S. (2023). Solvent-induced assembly of mono- and divalent silica nanoparticles. Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology, 14, 52-60.

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Recycling Coffee Grounds as Polymer Fillers

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SCGs were sourced from the coffee machines in the pantry at Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE). The coffee beans in the machines are arabica coffee beans, roasted to a Full City Roast by a local company, BlackGold Coffee. SCGs were washed with room temperature deionised water to achieve a neutral pH level and to remove any contaminants along with water-soluble compounds. They were then oven dried at 110 °C overnight, followed by grinding using a commercial blender for 5 min. The oven dried fillers were approximately 200 to 500 μm. The extraction solvents employed in the reflux extraction process were 98.5% hexane (J.T.Baker), 100% tetrahydrofuran (VWR Chemicals), 99.5% acetone (Green Tropic Products Pte Ltd) and 99.98% ethanol absolute (VWR Chemicals). Slow-curing transparent Epofix epoxy and Epofix hardener system were purchased from Struers APS, Singapore. Epofix epoxy resin contains bisphenol-A-diglycidylether and Epofix hardener contains triethylenetetramine. The epoxy system used in the study was made from the standard weight ratio of 25 parts of epoxy to 3 parts of hardener.

Leow Y., Yew P.Y., Chee P.L., Loh X.J, & Kai D. (2021). Recycling of spent coffee grounds for useful extracts and green composites. RSC Advances, 11(5), 2682-2692.

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