Anthropometric (waist circumference), blood pressure and biochemical measurements [glucose, HOMA-IR, HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, TyG index, C-reactive protein (CRP)] were retrieved from databases of the aforementioned studies following validated protocols. The HOMA-IR index was calculated as fasting insulin (μUI/mL) × fasting glucose (mg/dL)/405. The triglycerides-glucose (TyG) index was calculated as Ln(triglycerides [mg/dL] x glucose [mg/dL]/2) as an indicator of IR (31 (link)). Body composition in the second study was assessed by Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) according to the manufacturer′s instructions (Lunar iDXA, enCORE 14.5, GE Healthcare, Madison, WI, USA). Visceral adipose tissue mass was assessed with the CoreScan application for the software enCORE (GE Healthcare, Madison, WI, USA).
Corescan application
Manufactured by GE Healthcare
Sourced in United States
CoreScan is a software application developed by GE Healthcare for use with their medical imaging equipment. It provides automated analysis and visualization of radiological scans to assist healthcare professionals in their clinical decision-making process. The core function of CoreScan is to process and display medical images, without interpretation or extrapolation on its intended use.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
7 protocols using corescan application
1
Anthropometric and Metabolic Biomarkers
2
Estimating Visceral Fat in Young Girls
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Dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry visceral fat was calculated using GE Lunar's CoreScan application, which utilizes a validated algorithm that estimates the mass and volume of VF in the android region 15 . This application has a lower age limit of 18 years; thus, to test the application in this sample of young girls, actual birthdates were adjusted so that all participants would appear to be 18 years of age so that an estimate of VF could be obtained.
3
Population-based Cardiometabolic Risk Factors
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This cross-sectional investigation was part of the Healthy Ageing Initiative (HAI), an ongoing population-based study investigating risk factors for NCDs, including diabetes, in 70-year-old residents of Umeå municipality, Sweden. The investigated cohort comprised 1,872 participants with complete measurements of PA patterns, blood parameters, and body composition. Body composition was assessed by waist circumference and by visceral adipose tissue (VAT), quantified by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry using a Lunar iDXA and the CoreScan application (GE Healthcare, Wauwatosa, Wisc.). No exclusion criteria were applied because the aim was to investigate a sample reflecting the general population. Data were collected between June 2012 and December 2015, and data analysis was conducted in 2016. The study procedure has been described in detail elsewhere (15 (link)). The study was approved by the Umeå Regional Research Ethics Committee (Dnr 07-031M with extensions).
4
Quantifying Visceral Adipose Tissue
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The primary outcome for this trial was the mean change in VAT mass (grams), measured using a Lunar iDXA device and the CoreScan application (GE Healthcare Lunar, Madison, WI, USA). The CoreScan application utilizes algorithms which distinguishes VAT from subcutaneous fat mass, thereby allowing quantification of VAT. Trials using iDXA CoreScan measurements have previously reported a test-retest precision error (RMSSD; root mean square standard deviation) of 41.4 g VAT in overweight people [34 (link)].
5
Comprehensive Health Assessment in Sweden
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Baseline data and selected covariates were collected in the HAI-study and through national registers. Specifically, height and weight were measured to calculate the body mass index (BMI, kg/m2). Blood pressure was measured using a digital automatic blood pressure device Omron M6 Comfort HEM-7221-E (Omron Healthcare, Kyoto, Japan) after a 15-min rest. Fasting blood glucose was measured using the HemoCue 201 RT system (Radiometer Medical ApS, Denmark), while blood lipids were analyzed at the accredited laboratory at the department of clinical chemistry, Umeå University hospital. Whole-body scans using a Lunar iDXA device with the CoreScan application (GE Healthcare Lunar, Madison, WI, USA) were performed to quantify visceral adipose tissue. Socioeconomic data (education, marital status, income) were collected from the registers of Statistics Sweden. Information on medications was collected from the Prescribed Drug Register, which covers all medications dispensed at pharmacies in Sweden since July 2005. Data on previously diagnosed medical conditions were collected from the National Patient Register (NPR), superintended by the Swedish National Board of Health and Welfare. The NPR covers all inpatient care in Sweden since 1987 and all secondary outpatient care since 2001.
6
Comprehensive Health Assessment in HAI
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In HAI, the participants arrived at the clinic after having fasted for at least 4 h, before they completed a comprehensive test battery where multiple parameters of health were evaluated. Five trained research nurses collected all data with the support of two chief physicians (AN and PN). Waist- and hip circumference were measured using a measuring tape. Body height and weight were measured using a stadiometer (Holtain Limited, Crymych, Dyfed, UK) and digital scale (Avery Berkel HL 120, Taiwan), whereby the body mass index (BMI, kg/m2) was calculated. Blood pressure was measured using a digital automatic blood pressure monitor; Omron M6 Comfort HEM-7221-E (Omron Healthcare, Kyoto, Japan), after at least 15 min of rest. Fasting blood glucose was measured using the HemoCue 201 RT system (Radiometer Medical ApS, Denmark). Blood lipids were measured venously, and the samples were analyzed at the accredited laboratory at the department of clinical chemistry, Umeå University hospital. VAT was measured using a Lunar iDXA device with the CoreScan application (GE Healthcare Lunar, Madison, WI, USA). Participants reported smoking status and prevalent diabetes. Finally, all participants were sent home for 1 week with an accelerometer to assess PA.
7
Visceral Adiposity Thresholds for Central Obesity
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To be included in the present trial, participants were required to have at least 1000 g and 2000 g of VAT, for women and men respectively, measured using a Lunar iDXA device with the CoreScan application (GE Healthcare Lunar, Madison, WI, USA) as described previously.27 (link) The rationale for these values were that they have been shown to correspond to the cut-off points defining central obesity by waist circumference (>88 cm for women and >102 cm for men30 ) for 2675 HAI-participants.27 (link)
Individuals with conditions that contraindicated training or affected the ability to perform the training program were excluded. The exclusion criteria were formalized as: physical disability affecting the ability to perform the exercises; heart failure or severe degenerative condition; myocardial infarction or stroke in the previous 12 months; heart condition that would worsen with aerobic exercise, eg angina pectoris; and systolic blood pressure (SBP) > 175 mmHg and (DBP) > 100 mmHg. In addition, individuals had to pass a resting electrocardiogram (ECG; Schiller Cardiovit CS-6/12; Schiller AG, Switzerland). Any uncertainty that arose during baseline measurement regarding ECG results or contraindicated conditions was discussed with the physicians in charge of the trial (AN and PN).
Individuals with conditions that contraindicated training or affected the ability to perform the training program were excluded. The exclusion criteria were formalized as: physical disability affecting the ability to perform the exercises; heart failure or severe degenerative condition; myocardial infarction or stroke in the previous 12 months; heart condition that would worsen with aerobic exercise, eg angina pectoris; and systolic blood pressure (SBP) > 175 mmHg and (DBP) > 100 mmHg. In addition, individuals had to pass a resting electrocardiogram (ECG; Schiller Cardiovit CS-6/12; Schiller AG, Switzerland). Any uncertainty that arose during baseline measurement regarding ECG results or contraindicated conditions was discussed with the physicians in charge of the trial (AN and PN).
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