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31 protocols using syringe pump

1

Cortical Local Field Potential Recordings

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Animals were place in a steraotaxic frame and anesthetized induced with isoflurane (4% for induction and 1.5% for maintenance), then maintained with urethane (1g/kg of body weight, intraperitoneal injection). After the scalp was cut and skull was removed, one, 300µm diameter stainless steel screw electrode (FHC, Bowdoin, ME) was implanted as a reference electrode into the occipital bone. Cortical local field potentials were obtained at 12 kHz, digitized with 16 bits of resolution, and band pass filtered from 0.5 to 6 kHz.
Subsequently, rats (n=4) received 10 µl of 1.9 mM bicuculline methiodide (BMI) and 10 µl saline as control at a depth of 1mm to 3mm below the surface of the right or left parietal cortex covered by DOT/ESL interface, respectively, and other rats (n=2) were injected the same amount of BMI at a site outside the field of view (FOV) of the DOT/ESL interface. Each animal was injected with bicuculline (BMI) into one site of the brain. The infusion was performed at a rate of 0.3 µl/min. The infusion system consisted of a 100 µl gas-tight syringe (Hamilton, Reno, NV) driven by a syringe pump (Cole-Parmer, Vernon Hills, IL). The injector was mounted on a micromanipulator that allowed precise injections at a depth below the surface.
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2

Optimized Electrospinning of Carbon Nanofillers

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The prepared solutions were subjected to room temperature electrospinning, wherein the nozzle size was Di/D0/length = 0.69 mm/1.09 mm/4 cm, and Di and D0 denoted the inner and outer nozzle diameters, respectively. The prepared solutions were delivered by a syringe pump (Cole–Parmer, Vernon Hills, IL, USA) to the nozzle at a controlled flow rate (Q). A high electrical voltage (V) was applied to the spinneret using a high-voltage source (MECC, HVU-40P100, Fukuoka, Japan) to provide a sufficient electric field for electrospinning. To construct a needle-to-plate electrode configuration, an aluminum board (30 × 30 cm2) was used as the collector for the electrospun fibers at a fixed tip-to-collector distance (H) of 14 cm. A summary of the different carbon nanofillers and concentrations studied here and the resulting fiber morphologies is shown in Table 1.
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3

Fabrication of Polycaprolactone Nerve Conduit

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Polycaprolactone (PCL) nerve conduit was prepared following the procedures as described previously (Wang et al., 2015 (link)). In brief, 15% (w/v) PCL solution was prepared by dissolving the PCL pellets (Mn = 80,000; Sigma–Aldrich) in a mixture of methanol and chloroform (1:5 v/v; Sigma–Aldrich). PCL solution was loaded in a 10 ml syringe and delivered through a 21-gauge blunt tip syringe needle at a flow rate of 4.5 ml/h by a syringe pump (Cole-Parmer, Vernon Hills, IL, USA). Twelve kilovolt voltage was applied to the electrospun system and the distance between collector and syringe tip was 18 cm. The collector was a 10 cm long and 1.5 cm in diameter rotating stainless steel rod. The PCL nerve conduit was fabricated on the steel rod and dried in vacuum to eliminate the residual PCL solvent at room temperature for 24 h.
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4

Rat Glioma Tumor Implantation Protocol

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Animal experiments were performed on 2-month old male Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 9) weighting approximately 250 g using protocols and procedures approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee. Anesthesia was induced using xylazine (10 mg/kg subcutaneous) and 4% isoflurane in 1 L/min oxygen and maintained using 1.5% isoflurane in 1 L/min oxygen. 2 mL of saline was injected subcutaneously for hydration prior to imaging. For surgery, the anesthetized animals were fixed in position using a stereotaxic frame (Kopf Model 900, David Kopf Instruments, Tujunga, CA, USA), and a burr hole was drilled (AP: +1.0 mm, ML: −1.4 mm and DV: −7.0 mm from the interaural line) above the pontine reticular formation (PnO) to provide access for the 32-gauge needle (small hub RN needle, Hamilton, Reno, NV) that was mounted on a 50 μL gas tight syringe (Hamilton, Reno, NV). 3 μL of a solution containing approximately 105 tumor cells were infused at a constant rate of 0.5 μL/min using a syringe pump (Cole-Parmer, Vernon Hills, IL) into the PnO of each of the animals. Animals were monitored daily for general health and presentation of deleterious effects of tumor inoculation.
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5

Direct Injection ESI-MS Coupling for Analytical Characterization

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A micrOTOF-Q (Bruker Daltonics, Bremen,
Germany) with an ESI source operating in positive ion mode was used.
DI-ESI-MS experiments were performed at a flow rate of 180 μL/h
using a 0.5 mL gastight syringe (Hamilton, Reno, USA) and a syringe
pump (Cole-Parmer, Vernon Hill, USA). For the coupling of the TOSOH
TSKgel G2000SWXL SEC column and ESI-MS, a flow splitter (1:50; Agilent
Technologies, Waldbronn, Germany) was used in order to ensure a flow
of 16 μL/min was directed toward the mass spectrometer, while
the residual flow was guided toward the UV absorbance detector. For
coupling of the AdvanceBioSEC column with ESI-MS, a homemade 1:10
flow splitter was used. The specific configurations were used to prevent
contamination of the source, since sensitivity was not compromised.
The ESI settings were as follows: source temperature, 200 °C;
capillary voltage, 4.8 kV; dry gas flow, 4 L/min; nebulizer gas, 0.4
bar; ion energy, 5 eV; collision energy, 10 eV; in-source collision-induced
dissociation, 0 eV. Ion funnels were set at values of 300 and 400
Vpp, respectively. Mass spectra were acquired in the range of 100
to 5000 m/z. Data analysis was performed
using Bruker Compass DataAnalysis Version 5.0 (Bruker Daltonics).
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6

Electrospinning of PVA-Latex Nanofibers

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The electrospinning dispersions were prepared in 5 mL vials under magnetic stirring, adding the latex (with 50 wt.% s.c.) to the PVA aqueous solution (in a concentration of 10 wt.%) dropwise. In order to adjust the final s.c. of all the blends to 17 wt.%, in some cases water was added to the PVA solution before the latex was added (Table 3).
For the electrospinning experiments, polymer dispersions were placed into a syringe with an 18-gauge blunt-end needle that was mounted in a syringe pump (Cole-Parmer, Vernon Hills, IL, USA). Randomly oriented nanofibers were electrospun by applying a voltage of 15 kV to the needle using a Spellman CZE1000R high voltage supply (0–30 kV CZE1000R; Spellman High Voltage Electronics Corp. (Hauppauge, NY, USA)), with a low current output (limited to a few A). The ground plate (stainless steel) was placed at 15 cm from the needle tip. The syringe pump delivered the polymer solutions at a controlled flow rate of 1 mL/h. The temperature and relative humidity (R.H.) of the electrospinning chamber varied from 20 to 25 °C and from 31 ± 1% to 55 ± 1%, respectively. The exact temperature and R.H. is specified for each experiment.
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7

Thermal Jacket Electrospinning Temperature Control

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A thermal jacket was used to enclose the electrospinning solution to control the solution temperature (Ts) by using circulating water at different temperatures. Electrospinning was performed in a specific room with an environment temperature of about 18 °C. The polymer solution with a determined temperature (10–30 °C) was delivered by a syringe pump (Cole–Parmer, Vernon Hills, IL, USA) at a controlled flow rate of (Q) through PTFE tubing into the stainless needles (Hamilton, outer diameter = 0.64 mm). A high electrical voltage (Bertan, 205B, USA) was applied to the needles. To construct a needle-plate electrode configuration, we used a steel net (30 × 30 cm2) to collect electrospun fibers at a tip-to-collector distance of 21 cm below the needle tip. The morphologies of the Taylor cone and electrospinning jet were monitored by using a high-speed video system. The morphology and diameter of as-spun fibers were observed and measured with a scanning electron microscope (SEM, Hitachi S4100, Tokyo, Japan).
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8

Co-Electrospun Hybrid PCL/PDS Vascular Grafts

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The hybrid PCL/PDS vascular grafts were prepared by co-electrospinning. A 25% w/v solution of PCL was prepared in a 5:1 (V/V) mixture of chloroform and methanol by stirring overnight. PDS was dissolved in the HFIP with stirring at room temperature for 6 h to obtain 20% w/v solution. Two 10-mL syringes were filled with PCL or PDS solution and connected to a 21 G blunt-ended needle that served as the charged spinneret. The apparatus consists of a syringe pump (Cole Parmer, Vernon Hills, IL), a high-voltage generator (DWP503-1AC, Dong-Wen High Voltage power supply Factory, Tianjin, China) and a rotating steel mandrel (2.0 mm in diameter) as collector. The flow rate of PCL was set at 8 mL/h. The flow rate of PDS was set at 4 mL/h, 6 mL/h, 10 mL/h and 16.67 mL/h, respectively, to fabricate hybrid PCL/PDS grafts with different ratios. The voltages between the needle tip and the rotating mandrel were set as 11 kV for PCL and 15 kV for PDS. The distance between the needle tip and collector were 25 cm for PCL and 15 cm for PDS. The pure PCL grafts and pure PDS grafts were regarded as control and prepared by the same method as described above. The obtained electrospun grafts were vacuum-dried over 48 h at room temperature before further treatment.
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9

Evaluating Dhc Strain 195 Degradation

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A culture containing Dhc strain 195 was grown under typical continuously-fed conditions in four 100-mL cultures as previously described [28 (link), 32 (link)]. A syringe-pump (Cole-Parmer, Vernon Hills, IL) delivered a mixture of 1:4.4 PCE:butyrate on a molar basis at a rate of 2.4 µmol PCE/hour. After 24 hours of continuous feeding, two of the cultures received an injection of 1.37 mmol PCE/L (140 µL neat PCE/L media), well above the theoretical solubility of 905 µmol PCE/L (for a 160 mL vessel with 100 mL of media at 30°C). Gas chromatography (GC) samples were taken throughout the study to analyze substrates and products of respiration. For RNA samples, 2 mL liquid media samples were withdrawn at 0, 12, 24, 30, 36, 48, and 72 hours elapsed since the beginning of the experiment, and the cells were pelleted as previously described [28 (link), 32 (link)].
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10

Electrospinning of Random and Aligned PCL Scaffolds

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PCL scaffolds were electrospun using previously described methods[56 (link)]. Briefly, 15wt% PCL was dissolved in methylene chloride. The electrospinning setup used for the fabrication of scaffolds consists of a syringe pump (Cole Parmer, Vernon Hills, IL), a syringe containing a polymer solution, a needle attached to the syringe, a grounded collector (aluminum plate) and a high-voltage power supply (Gamma high voltage, Florida). A 10-ml plastic disposable syringe, 20-gauge needle, 20 kV voltage, infusion rate of 3 ml/h and distance of 40 cm between the syringe needle and grounded collector, were the parameters used for the fabrication of the electrospun mats. For aligned fiber electrospinning, instead of a collector plate, a rotating drum was used for aligned fiber collection. The drum rotated at 1000 to1300 rpm during the process. The electrospinning parameters to collect aligned fibrous scaffolds from the drum were similar to the random fiber collection. Scaffold thicknesses were 0.36 ± 0.02 mm for random fibers and 0.30 ± 0.03 mm for aligned fibers. The electrospun mats were air dried for 1 day to remove any residual solvents and stored in vacuum desiccators.
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