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6 protocols using rnase hii

1

Enzymatic Cleavage of Nucleic Acid Biochips

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Lambda exonuclease, RNase H, RNase HII and uracil-DNA glycosylase were purchased from New England Biolabs and TURBO DNase from Invitrogen and were used at the recommended concentrations and with supplied buffers. RNase A was obtained from Sigma-Aldrich and applied at 100 nM concentration in 0.1 M MES buffer. For each biochip cleavage assay, appropriate nucleic acid substrates were synthesized. In the case of double-stranded substrates, the biochip was synthesized with oligonucleotides capable of self-annealing to form hairpin-loop structures. Cleavage was detected through either the loss of fluorescence of Cy3-terminally labeled sequences, or loss of fluorescence from Cy3-labeled oligonucleotides hybridized to the nuclease substrate. In time course experiments, the enzymatic reaction was stopped by washing the surface followed by drying with argon.
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2

Detecting RNA-DNA Intermediates in Plasmids

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50 or 500 ng of purified DNA (total plasmid, or alkaline lysis, or total genomic preparation) were incubated in 20 μl of 1× Thermopol buffer (NEB) containing either no enzyme or 1.5-2.5 units of RNase HII (NEB). DNA was incubated with 2.5 units of RNase HI (Ambion or ThermoScientific) in 20 μl of 1× RNase HI buffer (ThermoScientific): 20 mM Tris HCl (pH 7.8), 40 mM KCl, 8 mM MgCl2, 1 mM DTT. Incubation was at 37°C for 30 minutes. After incubation the reaction mixtures were chilled on ice and directly loaded on 1.1 % agarose gels and run in 1×TAE buffer.
To remove potential (RNA-DNA) intermediates formed in plasmids, the DNA samples were treated in 30 μl of 70% formamide at 65°C for 5 minutes, chilled on ice, precipitated with 500 mM NaCl and ethanol, dried on air and dissolved in water and aliquotted into three 20 μl reactions for treatment with RNase HI or RNase HII.
DNA species were analyzed by Southern hybridization, the radioactive membranes were scanned by PhosphorImager (FujiFilm FLA-3000, Fuji). For calculation of DNA representing zero class of the Poisson distribution by the enzymatic method, radioactivity in supercoiled monomer band was divided by the total radioactivity in the lane area between the relaxed monomer band and the supercoiled monomer band.
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3

DNA End Joining Assay with Ku, XRCC4-LigIV, and Pol μ

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The human Ku and XRCC4-Ligase IV complex proteins, as well as the GCG3’ substrate, were prepared as described previously (43 (link)). End joining reactions were carried out in a buffer containing: 25 mM Tris (pH 7.5), 1 mM DTT, 150 mM KCl, 4% glycerol, 50 μg/ml bovine serum albumin, 0.1 mM EDTA and 9% polyethyelene glycol (MW: 8000 kDa). Ligations were carried out by adding (final concentrations) 10 nM Ku, 20 nM XRCC4-LigaseIV complex and 0.5 nM Pol μ, to a mixture containing 2 nM DNA substrate, 2 mM Mg2+, 100 ng supercoiled DNA and 100 μM CTP or dCTP. The reactions were carried out at 37°C for 10 min, stopped by addition of EDTA and SDS, and either purified by a Minelute cartridge (Qiagen) or extracted once with a 1:1 mixture of phenol and chloroform. RNase HII (New England Biolabs) digestion of joined products was carried out overnight as per the manufacturer's instructions. Ligation products were resolved using a 5% native PAGE gel and visualized using a Typhoon Imager for qualitative comparisons. End joining products were quantified using qPCR, with primers specific for substrate and product.
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4

RNase HI and RNase HII Detection

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Treatments of 0.5 μg of the total genomic DNA with RNase HI (Takara) or RNaseHII (NEB) were performed as described (18 (link)). It was critical to run the reaction samples on the gel followed up by electric transfer to separate RNase HI from the substrate. The enzyme tightly binds to the substrate (even at 0°C in water) and completely blocks immunodetection if a reaction mix is directly used in the dot-blot procedure.
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5

Enzymatic DNA Cleavage Protocols

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EcoRI (New England BioLabs Inc. Cat#R0101S) activity in perchlorate solutions generally consisted of 0.05 U/µL enzyme, 1X EcoRI buffer (New England BioLabs Inc. Cat#B7006S), and 1 µM duplex DNA (see Supplementary Table 1). NaX concentration varied per experiment as noted in the text. Reactions were started by incubating at 37 °C. Reactions were stopped and cleaned up with the addition of 75% ethanol. DNA cleavage was quantified using a 5′-fluorescein label and a 20% urea-PAGE gel.
RNase HII (New England BioLabs Inc. Cat#M0288S) was assessed with the same protocol but in 1X ThermoPol Buffer (New England BioLabs Inc. Cat#B9004S).
TaqI-v2 ((New England BioLabs Inc. Cat#R0149S) was assessed with the same protocol but in 1X rCutSmart Buffer (New England BioLabs Inc. Cat#B6004S) and incubated at 65 °C. DNA was resolved on a 10% urea-PAGE gel.
All gels were analyzed using an Omega Lum G Imaging System using the Omega Lum Image Capture Software V 2.1.2017.0. GelQuant (GelQuant.NET V 1.8.2) was used for quantification.
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6

Alkaline Gel Electrophoresis of Genomic DNA

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Rnaseh2b +/+ ;Tp53 -/-, Rnaseh2b +/-;Tp53 -/-, and Rnaseh2b -/-;Tp53 -/-MEFs [56] were transiently transfected with Rnaseh2b constructs or empty vector and cultured for 48h. MEFs were mechanically disrupted in ice-cold lysis buffer (20 mM Tris-HCl, pH 7.5, 75 mM NaCl, 50 mM EDTA), incubated with 100 µg/ml proteinase K, and completely lysed using sodium dodecyl sulphate at a final concentration of 1%. Nucleic acids were sequentially extracted with TEequilibrated phenol, phenol:chloroform:isoamylalcohol (25:24:1), and chloroform, precipitated with isopropanol, washed with 75% ethanol, and dissolved in water over night at 4°C. Digestion with RNase HII (NEB, Frankfurt am Main, Germany) was carried out for 1h at 37°C, and nucleic acids were ethanol precipitated and dissolved in water. For alkaline gel electrophoresis [48] , one volume of loading buffer (300 mM NaOH, 6 mM EDTA, 7.5% Ficoll (Type 400), 0.35% Orange G)
was added to each sample, and DNA was separated on a 0.5% agarose gel (50 mM NaCl, 1mM EDTA) using an alkaline running buffer (50 mM NaOH, 1 mM NaCl) for 16h at 16V (B1 mini-gel format; Thermo Fisher Scientific). After electrophoresis, gels were neutralized with 0.7 M Tris/HCl buffer (pH 8.0) containing 1.5 M NaCl for 1h at RT and stained with SYBR Gold for 1h at RT
(1:10,000 dilution; Thermo Fisher Scientific).
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