Accu chek aviva

Evaluation of triglycerides in blood serum was performed by the Central Laboratory of the University Hospital Essen using clinical routine protocols. Glucose levels were determined using the Accu-Chek Aviva blood glucose meter system (Roche Diabetes Care, Mannheim, Germany). Mice were starved for 3 h. (n = 5)

Six to eight weeks into the study, after 4–6 weeks on the experimental diets, a type 1-like (insulin-dependent) diabetes was induced in 28 animals (FFC-DIA and FFC-DIA + S) by streptozotocin (STZ, Sigma-Aldrich, Denmark), 60 mg/kg given intravenously (IV) once daily on three consecutive days (protocol modified from Gerrity et al.^{19 (link)}). Fasting blood glucose level was measured daily for the first 8 days after induction and then 1–2 times weekly (glucometer Accu-Chek® Aviva, Roche Diabetes Care, Roche Danmark). Daily subcutaneous injections with insulin glargine (Lantus®, Sanofi-Aventis, Frankfurt am Main, Germany) were given in the morning in relation to the meal to keep the fasting morning blood glucose at approx. 15 mM. Approximately three weeks after diabetes induction, the animals were allocated into two diabetic groups FFC-DIA (n = 14) and FFC-DIA + S (n = 14) with similar mean plasma glucose level.

Type 1 diabetes mellitus was induced in eight-week-old male C57BL6/j mice (Charles Rivers, Sulzfeld, Germany) via intraperitoneal injection of STZ (50 mg/kg body weight; Sigma-Aldrich, Taufkirchen, Germany, n = 14) on 5 consecutive days^{4 (link)}. In parallel, controls received the appropriate volume of 0.1 mol/L sodium citrate (n = 12). Blood glucose measurements using the Accu-Chek Aviva® (Roche Diabetes Care Deutschland GmbH, Mannheim, Germany) were performed one week before STZ application and afterwards once a w to confirm hyperglycemia after 4 hours (h) fasting. Mice were group housed under standard housing conditions (12 h light/dark cycle, 50–70% humidity, 19–21 °C) within a specific pathogen free facility with food and water ad libitum. Cages were enriched with houses, bedding material, and gnawing sticks. All investigations were performed in accordance with to the European legislation for animal welfare (Directive 2010/63/EU) and approved by the local ethics committee (Landesamt für Gesundheit und Soziales, Berlin, G0254/13).

All animal experiments were performed in compliance with an animal study protocol approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee at University of California, Los Angeles (ARC‐2018‐062). The in vivo performance of the patches was evaluated on streptozotocin‐induced adult diabetic mice (male C57BL/6J, age 7–8 weeks; Jackson Laboratory). For MN insertion, a medical tape (3M Tegaderm Transparent Film) was adhered to the base of the patch for better immobilization before applying to the back of the mouse and pressed firmly for 15 s. To avoid movement, the mice were anesthetized with isoflurane during the application of the patch. After insertion, the PGLs were recorded with an Accu‐Chek Aviva (Roche Diabetes Care, Inc.) glucometer.