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12 protocols using meth hydrochloride

1

Preparation of Methamphetamine and Cocaine Solutions

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(+)-METH hydrochloride and CA were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). Saline solution (0.9% NaCl) was used to dissolve both drugs. Ethanol (95%; Decon Labs, Inc.) was diluted in water.
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2

Preparation of Drosophila Food with Pharmacological Compounds

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Rapamycin (LC Laboratories) was dissolved in ethanol and added to SYA food at a final concentration of 400 µM [17] (link). Tolbutamide (Santa Cruz Biotechnology) was dissolved in ethanol and added to SYA food at a final concentration of 1.35 mg/ml [74] (link). Cycloheximide and mianserin hydrochloride (Sigma) were dissolved in water and added to SYA food at final concentrations of 17 mM [75] (link) and 0.2 mg/ml [32] (link), respectively. METH hydrochloride (Sigma) was dissolved in ethanol and added to SYA food at a final concentration of 1 mg/ml [3] (link),[4] (link). 3IY was added directly to SYA food at a final concentration of 5 mg/ml [3] (link). An overview of pharmacological sites of action can be found in Figure S8.
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3

Methamphetamine Self-Administration in Rats

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Rats were given food ad-libitum for the duration of the 27 sessions of IVSA. Catheter patency was tested the day prior to beginning IVSA with 0.2 mL propofol solution (PropoFlo, Zoetis, Parsippany-Troy Hills, NJ). Rats were allowed to self-administer meth hydrochloride (Sigma, St. Louis, MO) for 2-h sessions 6–7 d per week, during which active and inactive lever presses were recorded. The active lever was the opposite from that used during the initial sucrose pellet training. Each infusion consisted of 0.1 mg/kg freebase meth/ 0.0875 mL saline and lasted for 5 s with a 20 s timeout between infusions. Catheters were flushed before and after sessions with 0.05 mL heparinized saline. Rats were given 6 sessions of FR1 IVSA, 14 sessions of FR3 IVSA, and 7 sessions of FR5 IVSA where 1, 3, or 5 active lever presses were required to earn a single infusion, respectively. Pressing of the inactive lever had no programmed consequences. Saline animals were yoked to meth animals to receive an equal number and volume of saline infusions. Following IVSA, rats were left undisturbed for 9 d to withdraw from the drug prior to beginning progressive ratio testing.
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4

Methamphetamine and ASIC3 Inhibitor Effects

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METH hydrochloride was obtained from Sigma-Aldrich Co. (St. Louis, MO, USA) and APETx2 was from Tocris Bioscience (Bristol, UK). Both were dissolved in physiological saline (SAL) and delivered intraperitoneally at the doses of 0.5 mg/kg (METH) or 0.02 mg/kg (APETx2). The doses are based on previous studies demonstrating the addiction-like behavior-inducing effects of METH (Kim et al., 2019 (link), 2021 (link)) and the moderate ASIC3-inhibiting effect of APETx2 (Andreev et al., 2018 (link)). Treatments for molecular experiments were performed at zeitgeber (ZT) 4-5, where ZT 0 and 12 are lights on and off, respectively, based on previous studies (Abarca et al., 2002 (link); Hood et al., 2010 (link)).
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5

Methamphetamine and Cefuroxime Preparation

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(+) METH hydrochloride was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). CEF (Sandoz Inc., Princeton, NJ) was purchased from The University of Toledo's pharmacy. Saline solution (0.9% NaCl) was used to dissolve either (+) METH or CEF. Ethanol (95%; Decon Labs, Inc.) was diluted in water.
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6

Self-administration of Methamphetamine in Rats

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SA occurred in chambers (30 × 20 × 20 cm, Med Associates) housed inside sound-attenuating cubicles that were fitted with a fan, metal arm, and spring leash attached to a swivel (Instech); two retractable levers; two stimulus lights; a speaker for tone delivery; and a house light. Tygon tubing extended through the leash and connected to a 10-ml syringe mounted on an infusion pump outside the cubicle. After 5 d of recovery, rats were assigned to METH or saline control groups. METH hydrochloride (Sigma), dissolved in sterile saline, was administered daily during 6-h sessions for 14 d. Control animals self-administered saline. The house light signaled the beginning of a session and remained on throughout the session. A response on the active lever resulted in a 2-s infusion of METH (0.05 mg/kg per infusion) or saline and presentation of a stimulus complex that consisted of a 5-s tone (78 dB, 4.5 kHz) and a white stimulus light over the active lever, followed by a 20-s time out. Responses during the time out and on the inactive lever were recorded, but they had no scheduled consequences. Following SA, rats were placed on home cage abstinence for 9–14 d, then they were killed for end point measures of electrophysiology.
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7

Intracerebral Injections of METH and Chloral Hydrate

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METH hydrochloride (generously provided by the National Institute on Drug Abuse drug supply program) and chloral hydrate (Sigma-Aldrich) were dissolved in sterile saline (0.9% NaCl). Pontamine sky blue dye (Alfa Aesar, Haverhill, MA) was dissolved in sodium acetate (0.5 M, pH 7.5).
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8

METH-induced Transcriptional Changes

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METH hydrochloride, purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Co (St. Louis, Mo, USA), was dissolved in physiological saline (0.9% w/v of NaCl), at a dose of 0.5 mg/kg intraperitoneally, as used in our previous study (Kim et al., 2019 (link)). TRIzol reagent was purchased from Invitrogen (Carlsbad, CA, USA), and the Hybrid-RTM kit was purchased from Geneall Biotechnology (Seoul, Korea). The AccuPower® CycleScript RT PreMix used to generate cDNA was obtained from Bioneer (Seoul, Korea). All primers for quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) were obtained from Cosmogenetech Co (Seoul, Korea), using a set of custom sequence-specific primers. SYBR® Green used to run qRT-PCR was purchased from SolGent Co (Daejeon, Korea).
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9

Methamphetamine Hydrochloride Preparation

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(+) - METH hydrochloride was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). Saline solution (0.9% NaCl) was used to dissolve METH. Ethanol (95%; Decon Labs, Inc.) was diluted in water.
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10

Dissolution of METH and Chloral Hydrate

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We dissolved METH hydrochloride (generously provided by the National Institute on Drug Abuse drug supply program) and chloral hydrate (Sigma-Aldrich) in sterile saline (0.9 % NaCl).
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