Calu 1

A549, Calu‐1, and HEK293T cells were obtained from the American Type Culture Collection (Manassas, VA, USA). A549 and Calu‐1 cells were cultured in RPMI‐1640 (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA, USA), and HEK293T cells were cultured in DMEM (Invitrogen) supplemented with 10% FBS (Invitrogen) at 37°C in 5% CO₂.

Human lung adenocarcinoma A549 (RCB0098) and human normal lung fibroblast WI-38 cells (RCB0702) were obtained from the RIKEN Bioresource Center, Ibaraki, Japan. Human lung epidermoid carcinoma Calu-1 was purchased from the Cell Lines Service (CLS; Eppelheim, Germany) and human lung large cell carcinoma COR-L23 from the European Collection of Authenticated Cell Cultures (ECACC; Salisbury, UK). A549 and WI-38 cells were cultured in D-MEM medium (Gibco; Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc., Waltham, MA, USA). Calu-1 and COR-L23 were cultured in RPMI-1640 medium (Gibco). These culture media were supplemented with 10% (v/v) fetal bovine serum (FBS; Hyclone; GE Healthcare Life Sciences, Logan, UT, USA) and 1% antibiotics (Gibco) at 37°C in a 5% CO₂ humidified atmosphere. All of the cell lines are mycoplasma free. The continuous cell lines are routinely checked in every other month by a PCR method using a service from The Center for Veterinary Diagnosis, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University Salaya Campus, Nakorn Pathom, Thailand.