Spss package 24

To take the correlation between measurements of the same pregnancy into account, we used a linear mixed model. In the first trimester of pregnancy, we used this linear mixed model to assess the associations between the different origins of sperm and CRL, EV, Carnegie stage, and PV.
Furthermore, we used naturally conceived pregnancies and pregnancies after IVF with ejaculated sperm as a reference group for the different origins of sperm for ICSI.
For analysis, we used a square root transformation for the CRL measurements and a third root transformation for the EV and PV measurements, which led to linearity with GA. Carnegie stages were not transformed and used as continuous variable. For the graphs showing the EV and PV trajectories, the modelled EV and PV were retransformed to the original values.
In the first model, we adjusted for GA only. In the second model, we additionally adjusted for the paternal covariates age, smoking and alcohol use and maternal parity selected based on the characteristics of the study groups and literature.
p‐values <0.05 were considered statistically significant. All analyses were performed using SPSS package 24.0 (IBM SPSS Statistics, Armonk, NY).

The baseline characteristics were presented as frequencies and percentages for categorical variables. Means plus/minus standard deviations (SD) were used for continuous variables. The chi-square test was used to compare the differences between the groups for categorical variables, and ANOVA or the Kruskal-Wallis test was used for continuous variables, as appropriate. Factors independently associated with changes in BP at 6-month follow-up were determined using Wilcoxon’s signed-rank test and the Mann-Whitney U test or Kruskal-Wallis test, as appropriate. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify the factors associated with increasing the likelihood of achieving BP targets according to each guideline. Odds ratios (OR) with 95% CIs were calculated. A p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant, and all tests were two-sided. The analysis was performed using SPSS package 24.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA).