Ferric chloride hexahydrate

The various reagents used throughout this project were purchased from suppliers as follows. TPC analysis: Folin-Ciocalteu’s phenol reagent (2N, R and M Chemicals, Essex, UK), gallic acid (98%, Fluka, Steinheim, France), anhydrous sodium carbonate (99%, J. Kollin, UK), diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay: 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (90%, Sigma, St. Louis, MO, USA), ferric reducing power (FRP) assay: ferric chloride hexa-hydrate (100%, Fisher Scientific, Loughborough, UK), potassium ferricyanide (99%, Unilab, Auburn, Australia), trichloroacetic acid (99.8%, HmbG Chemicals, Barcelona, Spain), potassium dihydrogen orthophosphate (99.5%, Fisher Scientific), dipotassium hydrogen phosphate (99%, Merck, Darmstadt, Germany), iron chloride (99%, RandM Chemicals), ferrous ion chelating (FIC) assay: ferrozine (98%, Acros Organics, Morris Plains, NJ, USA), ferrous sulphate hepta-hydrate (HmbG Chemicals), ethylenediaminetetraacetic (99.5%, Bendosen Laboratory Chemicals, Bendosen, Norway), potassium acetate (99%, R and M chemicals), rutin (98%, Sigma), phytochemical screening: sulfuric acid (95%–97%, HmBG Chemicals), hydrochloric acid (37%, Merck, Darmstadt, Germany), Dragendorff reagent (Fluka), α-naphthol (99%, Sigma), antimicrobial activity: nutrient broth (Oxoid, Hampshire, England), nutrient agar (Oxoid, Hampshire, England), and vancomycin (Sigma).

Ferric chloride hexahydrate, ferrous chloride tetrahydrate, ammonium hydroxide and hydrochloric acid were obtained from Fisher Scientific. DMSO, DMF, N-Hydroxysuccinimide, Polyacrylic acid, and HSP70 were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich. EDC was purchased from Pierce Biotechnology. Dialysis bags (MWCO 6–8 K) were purchased from Spectrum Labs. ZENV peptide, Anti-ZENV antibody, AXL, Anti-AXL antibody, TIM-1, HSP70, and Crizotinib were purchased from Alpha Diagnostics (4adi.com). The magnetic relaxometer (mq20, 0.47 T) was purchased from Bruker and used for T2 data collection. Malvern’s zetasizer-ZS90 was used for the characterization of synthesized IONPs. Magnetic columns were purchased from Miltenyi Biotec and used for purification.

Hydrochloric acid, sodium hydroxide, glacial acetic acid, ferric chloride hexahydrate, ortho-phosphoric acid (≥85%), acetonitrile, sulfuric acid, L-(+)-tartaric acid, D-fructose, and 0.1 N sodium hydroxide were purchased from Fisher Scientific (Santa Clara, CA, USA). Sodium chloride, bovine serum albumin (BSA), (-)-epicatechin (≥90%), (+)-catechin (≥98%), caffeic acid (≥98%), malic acid (≥99%), and quercetin-3-glucoside (≥98%) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Potassium metabisulfite (≥97%), sodium dodecyl sulfate, and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (>98%) were purchased from Acros Organics (Geel, Belgium). Triethanolamine was purchased from Aqua Solutions, Inc. (Deer Park, TX, USA). Commercial malvidin-3-O-glucoside chloride (oenin) (≥95%) and malvidin-3,5-O-diglucoside chloride (malvin) (≥95%) were provided by Extrasynthese (Genay, France). Milli-Q water used for the preparation of solutions was obtained from a Barnstead MicroPure Water Purification System (Thermo scientific^®, Waltham, MA, USA).

Acetonitrile, D-fructose, ferric chloride hexahydrate, glacial acetic acid, hydrochloric acid, L-(+)-tartaric acid, ortho-phosphoric acid (≥85%), sodium hydroxide, sulfuric acid, and 0.1 N sodium hydroxide were purchased from Fisher Scientific (Santa Clara, CA, USA). Bovine serum albumin (BSA), caffeic acid (≥98%), (+)-catechin (≥98%), (−)-epicatechin (≥ 90%), malic acid (≥99%), quercetin-3-glucoside (≥98%), and sodium chloride were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (>98%), potassium metabisulfite (≥97%), and sodium dodecyl sulfate were purchased from Acros Organics (Geel, Belgium). Commercial malvidin-3-O-glucoside chloride (oenin) (≥95%) and malvidin-3,5-O-diglucoside chloride (malvin) (≥95%) were provided by Extrasynthese (Genay, France). Triethanolamine was purchased from Aqua Solutions, Inc. (Deer Park, TX, USA). Milli-Q grade water (18.2 MΩ cm resistivity) used for the preparation of reagent, solutions, and high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detector (HPLC-DAD) mobile phase was obtained from Barnstead MicroPure Water Purification System (Thermo scientific^®, Waltham, MA, USA).

Sodium arsenite, sodium arsenate dibasic heptahydrate (≥98%), methanol (Optima^TM for HPLC), tert-butanol (t-BuOH), acetonitrile (HPLC grade), o-phosphoric acid (85%, ACS grade), formic acid (88%), ammonium hydroxide (29.2%), and ferric chloride hexahydrate (FeCl₃·6H₂O, 98.8%) were purchased from Fisher Scientific (Waltham, MA, USA). Ferrous chloride tetrahydrate (FeCl₂·4H₂O, ≥99%), humic acid sodium salt (Lot#STBC5468V), coumarin (COU) (≥99%), potassium sorbate (≥99%), and 7-hydroxycoumarin (7-HC) (99%) were obtained from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Furfuryl alcohol (FFA) and the tetrabutylammonium hydroxide (TBAH) (40 wt.%) were purchased from Acros Organic (Geel, Antwerp, Belgium). The 2,4,6-trimethylphenol (98%), was obtained from TCI (Portland, OR, USA). The malonic acid (reagent grade, 99.5%) was purchased from Alfa Aesar (Haverhill, MA, USA). Millipore water (MilliQ water, resistivity~18.0 MΩ cm⁻¹ at 25 °C) was used for sample and standard preparation unless otherwise indicated.