Kollisolv mct 70

The powder component of the pasty calcium phosphate scaffolds is based on bio-cement (CPC) manufactured by InnoTERE (Dresden, Germany) which was first described by Khairoun et al. in 1997. Briefly, it consists of 60% α-tricalcium phosphate (α-TCP) with a calcium-to-phosphate ratio of 1.45. The carrier liquid of the cement paste was prepared using a medium-chain triglyceride Miglyol 812 (Cäsar and Loretz GmBH, 40721 Hilden, Germany), a surfactant Polysorbate 80 (Merck, Darmstadt, Germany), and an emulsifier phosphoric acid monohexadecyl ester (Amphisol A, DSM Nutritional Products, Kaiseraugst, Switzerland) at a mixing ratio of 15:3:2 by weight [1 (link)]. The powder and carrier liquid are present in a 4:1 ratio by weight. The copper nanoparticles of 300 nm were procured from a commercial vendor (Sky Spring Nanomaterials Inc., Houston, TX, USA) and various weight percentages (wt%) of copper were added and mixed with CPC using a mortar and pestle. To retain the extrudability of the paste with copper nanoparticle loading and to keep the powder-to-liquid carrier ratio the same, a novel liquid carrier Kollisolv MCT 70 (BASF, Iselin, NJ, USA) was used. The composition was Kollisolv MCT 70, Polysorbate 80, and Lutensit A-EP at a weight ratio of 15:3:2 (acid phosphoric ester of a fatty alcohol ethoxylate, BASF, USA).

FL was purchased from Kolon Life Science Inc. (Seoul, Korea). Kollisolv MCT 70 (medium chain capric triglyceride) and Kolliphor HS 15 (polyoxyl 15 hydroxystearate) were kindly provided by BASF (Ludwigshafen, Germany). Lauroglycol 90 (propylene glycol monolaurate, type), Capmul MCM C8 (mono/diglycerides of caprylic acid), and Gelucire 44/14 (lauroyl polyoxyl-32 glycerides) were kindly provided by Gattefosse (Saint-Priest, France). TPGS (tocopherol polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate) was purchased from ISOCHEM (Vert-le-Petit, France). All other chemicals were of reagent grade and were used without further purification.

Kollisolv^® MCT 70 (medium-chain triglyceride, MCT) and Kolliphor^® HS 15 (macrogol 15 hydroxystearate, MHS) were kindly provided by BASF SE (Ludwigshafen, Germany), and LIPOID EPG (egg phosphatidylglycerol sodium salt, PG) by Lipoid GmbH (Ludwigshafen, Germany). Sodium chloride and the near-infrared fluorescent dye DiR (1,1′-dioctadecyl-3,3,3′,3′-tetramethylindotricarbocyanine iodide) were purchased from Grüssing GmbH (Filsum, Germany) or Invitrogen/Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc. (Carlsbad, CA, USA), respectively. Dulbecco’s modified eagle medium—high glucose with 4500 mg/L glucose, L-glutamine, sodium bicarbonate, with and without sodium pyruvate (DMEM w/NaP or DMEM w/o NaP, respectively), fetal calf serum (FCS), penicillin-streptomycin (P/S), Triton^TM X-100, fluorescent dye resazurin sodium salt, sodium citrate dehydrate and Dulbecco’s phosphate buffered saline 10x (PBS) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Chemie GmbH (Steinheim, Germany). Double distilled and 0.2 µm sterile-filtered water was used in all experiments and analytics.