The in vitro drug release study was carried in 900 ml SGF of pH 1.2 at 37 ± 0.5 °C from 0 to 8 h by using USP dissolution apparatus II at 50 rpm. 5 ml aliquot was pipette out at regular interval and replaced with fresh medium of same volume. The aliquot was filtered by 0.45 μm filter and concentration of drug was determined by UV spectrophotometer (PerkinElmer Inc. New York, USA) at 290 nm.[14 (link)]
Uv spectrophotometer
Manufactured by PerkinElmer
Sourced in United States
The UV spectrophotometer is a laboratory instrument used to measure the absorbance or transmittance of a sample in the ultraviolet and visible light spectrum. It is designed to detect and quantify the presence of specific chemical compounds or elements in a sample by analyzing the wavelength and intensity of light absorption or transmission.
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Lab products found in correlation
Usp type 2, by Pharma Test (2 mentions)
Rna extraction kit, by Beyotime (1 mentions)
Dtg 60h thermal analyzer, by Shimadzu (1 mentions)
Jsm 6360, by JEOL (1 mentions)
Miniflex 2, by Rigaku (1 mentions)
Ascorbic acid, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
High performance liquid chromatography (hplc), by Gilson (1 mentions)
Endofree plasmid mega kit, by Qiagen (1 mentions)
Griess reagent, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Abi7700 real time pcr system, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Sybr premix ex taq reagent, by Takara Bio (1 mentions)
Rna extraction kit, by Omega Bio-Tek (1 mentions)
Reverse transcription kit, by Promega (1 mentions)
Vk 7000, by Agilent Technologies (1 mentions)
30 protocols using uv spectrophotometer
1
In Vitro Drug Release Kinetics in Simulated Gastric Fluid
2
Quantitative Analysis of Tight Junction Molecules
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Total RNA was extracted from right lung tissue by using RNA extraction kit (Beyotime Biotech Co. Ltd., Shanghai, China), and its concentration and purity were measured by UV spectrophotometer (PerkinElmer, USA). cDNA was obtained by reverse transcription and stored at -20°C. The fragments of ZO-1, Claudin 5, Occludin, TLR4, p38 and NF-κB mRNA were amplified by real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). The sequences of the primers used in the study were shown in Supplementary Table S1
3
Analytical System for Phytochemical Profiling
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A complete HPTLC system (CAMAG, Muttenz, Switzerland) equipped with an Automated TLC sampler (ATS-4), TLC scanner 3, AMD and winCATS integration software (version 4.01) was used for sample analysis. Twin trough glass development chamber was used for TLC development. Tissue homogenizer, cooling centrifuge (REMI Instruments, Mumbai, India) and UV spectrophotometer (Perkin Elmer, Singapore) were used for biochemical estimations.
4
In Vitro Dissolution Testing of Drugs
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The in vitro dissolution tests were carried out in a dissolution test apparatus, USP type II (Pharmatest, Hainerp, Germany) (paddle method, 37 ± 0.5 °C, 50 rpm). The experiments were conducted in two different aqueous media; for the first 2 h, 450 mL of 0.2 M HCl solution (pH 1.2) was used to simulate the stomach pH, and to that, 450 mL of 0.14 M K2HPO4 solution (pH 9) was added to simulate the enteric pH (pH 6.8). Samples (5 mL) were withdrawn at predetermined time intervals, filtered, and analyzed in a Perkin–Elmer UV spectrophotometer (Norwalk, CT) at λmax = 278 nm.
5
Chlorophyll a Quantification Protocol
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Determination of chlorophyll a concentration was carried out following UNESCO protocol [41 ]. Glass Fiber Filters (GFF) were used to collect 30 mL of each treated algal culture at 24, 48, 72, and 96 h of incubation. 90% acetone was used to extract chlorophyll a, followed by quantification by spectrophotometry (Perkin Elmer UV spectrophotometer, Shelton, USA).
6
Thyroid Antioxidant Enzyme Assays
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Thyroid glands of each animal were homogenized in 5 mM Tris HCl, 0.9% NaCl (pH 7.4) containing 0.1 mg/ml aprotinin and 14.3 mM phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride (PMSF). The homogenate was centrifuged at 720 × g for 10 min, 4 °C and the supernatant was used for enzyme activity assays. Total protein content was quantified using a Bradford method43 (link). All the enzymatic assays were performed in an UV spectrophotometer (PerkinElmer, LAMBDA, Shelton, CT, USA) at 37 °C. Catalase (CAT) activity was measured according the method previously described44 (link). Glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity was measured by NADPH oxidation at 340 nm45 (link) and SOD activity was assayed by the reduction of cytochrome C at 550 nm46 (link).
7
Solubility Enhancement of Micronized Extracts
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Solubility of extract components in micronized and original (non-micronized) form was evaluated in aqueous media. In this study, coated sugar spheres containing accurately weighed precipitates with different particle size distributions resulting from different micronization experiments were placed separately in the glass flasks containing 10 ml solvents. The samples were sonicated in constant conditions (time: 30 min, temperature: 40 °C and frequency: 40 kHz). Unresolved components were separated using a laboratory centrifuge, and quantification of the dissolved extract was conducted at λmax of hesperidin (283 nm) using an UV spectrophotometer (Perkin Elmer, Wilton, USA). The following equation was applied to compare the solubility of different samples:
where W1 and W2 are the weight of collected particles on the sugar spheres in samples 1 and 2, respectively. In addition, Abs1 and Abs2 denote the UV absorbance of desired solutions.
where W1 and W2 are the weight of collected particles on the sugar spheres in samples 1 and 2, respectively. In addition, Abs1 and Abs2 denote the UV absorbance of desired solutions.
8
Characterization of Functional Materials
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The as-studied samples were characterized through XRD, FE-SEM, TG-DTA and UV-Vis techniques to confirmed the structural, thermal and optical properties. The XRD profile of powder samples were recorded on Rigaku miniflex-II X-ray diffraction using CuKα radiation (λ = 1.54 Å) in the 2θ range of 10–70°. The morphology of the samples were reported from FE-SEM (JEOL JSM-6360). The TG-DTA was carried out on Shimadzu DTG-60h thermal analyzer under nitrogen flow at the heating rate of 10 °C/min. The temperature of the sample was varied from room temperature to 1000 K. For the electrical measurements, the samples were polished and conducting silver paste was deposited on both sides. The sample area was taken to be the area exposed to the electrode surface. A firm contact was confirmed at the boundaries of the sample/electrode interfaces. Measurements of dc electrical conductivity as a function of temperature for all the samples were made by two-probe technique in the temperature range of 303–393 K. The transference numbers, both ionic (tion) and electronic (tele) for different as-synthesized samples were evaluated using Wagner's polarization technique. The Characteristic UV-Vis analysis of as-synthesized samples were recorded on Perkin Elmer UV spectrophotometer in the range 200–800 nm.
9
In Vitro Evaluation of EO Releasing Microspheres
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The in vitro EO releasing property of microspheres was evaluated under the maximal yield condition of encapsulation using a modified USP dissolution apparatus type I (Electrolab, Dissolution tester, EDT-08Lx, Janki Impex, Gujarat, India) assembled with a 40-mesh basket and 200 mL capacity flasks. Finally, a known volume of ethanol/phosphate buffer solution (1:9 v/v, pH 7.4) was poured into the flask, and the assembly was set at constant stirring (50 RPM) and temperature (37 ± 0.5 °C) (18). At a predetermined interval, i.e., after 0, 15, 30, 60, 120, 180, 240, 480, and 720 min, a 1 mL sample was collected followed by the replenishment with the same volume of fresh and preheated receptor medium solvent at each sampling interval. The collected samples were analyzed by UV spectrophotometer (Perkin Elmer, Waltham, MA, USA) at 223 nm after appropriate dilution. The experiment was performed in triplicate [39 (link)].
10
Quantification of Flavonoids in Marrubium vulgare
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The determination of total flavonoids of M.vulgare L. leaves extracts was determined according to the method described by (MAHMOUDI Souhilaa et al., 2013 ) with some modifications.
500 μl of each leaves extract is added to 1500 μl of methanol (95 %), 100 μl AlCl3 (10 % (m/v)), 100 μl sodium acetate (1 M) and 2.8 ml distilled water. The mixture is stirred and incubated in the dark room at temperature for 1 h. The absorbance is measured at 415 nm using a UV spectrophotometer (PerkinElmer). The results are expressed in μg quercetin equivalent/mg dry plant matter with reference to the quercetin calibration curve.
500 μl of each leaves extract is added to 1500 μl of methanol (95 %), 100 μl AlCl3 (10 % (m/v)), 100 μl sodium acetate (1 M) and 2.8 ml distilled water. The mixture is stirred and incubated in the dark room at temperature for 1 h. The absorbance is measured at 415 nm using a UV spectrophotometer (PerkinElmer). The results are expressed in μg quercetin equivalent/mg dry plant matter with reference to the quercetin calibration curve.
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