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14 protocols using a02082002br

1

Murine Models of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

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All the animal experiments were reviewed and approved by the Nanjing University Ethics Committee on Humane Treatment of Experimental Animals. The mice were maintained in a specific-pathogen free environment with 12-h light/dark cycles and access to food and water ad libitum. The Ccl11-/- mice have been described previously.39 (link) NAFLD was induced in mice by one of the following feeding schemes: (1) C57/B6 mice on a HFHC diet (D12492, Research Diets, New Brunswick, NJ, USA) for 12 consecutive wk; (2) Apoe-/- mice on a Western diet (D12079B, Research Diets) for 12 wk; (3) db/db mice on an MCD diet (A02082002BR, Research Diets) for 4 wk. In certain experiments, the mice were injected three times a wk with either a CCL11 neutralising antibody (R&D, MAB420, 20 μg/kg), or a chemokine receptor 3 (CCR3) antagonist (Selleck, S0129, 50 μg/kg). For calorimetry analysis, the mice were housed in individual calorimeter chambers (Oxymax). After 24 h of acclamation, calorimetric data were collected over a period of 48 h as previously described.40 (link),41
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2

Metabolic Effects of MCDD in Mice

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Experiments were performed in accordance with the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee guidelines with its approvals. The LKO mice were generated by crossing Albumin-CreTg/+ mice (Jackson Laboratories) with mice homozygous for a “floxed” exon 6 of IPMK (IPMK fl/fl). The control mice for this study were IPMK fl/fl (WT) mice. Mice were housed under standard conditions in a temperature- and humidity-controlled facility with a light–dark cycle of 12 h (lights on at 07:00) and fed ad libitum at the Johns Hopkins University (Baltimore, MD, USA).
Experiment 1: Eight-week-old WT mice were fed an ND (A02082003BY, Research Diets, New Brunswick, NJ, USA) or MCDD (A02082002BR, Research Diets, New Brunswick, NJ, USA) for 2 weeks.
Experiment 2: Eight-week-old WT and LKO mice were fed MCDD for 2 weeks.
Experiment 3: Ten-week-old WT mice were divided into two groups. One group (ALF) had ad libitum access to the MCDD diet, while the other group underwent time-restricted feeding (TRF), with access to the MCDD diet from 7 p.m. to 8 a.m., for two weeks.
All mice were sacrificed after a 5 h fast (from 08:00 a.m. to 1:00 p.m.), and blood was collected from the heart before harvesting liver tissues.
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3

Inducing NASH in Mice via Dietary Manipulation

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Methionine choline deficient (MCD: 21% fat, 63% carbohydrate, 16% protein) and atherogenic (ATH: 60% fat, 20% carbohydrate, 20% protein, 1.25% cholesterol and 0.5% cholic acid) diets were purchased from Research Diets Inc. (A02082002BR, D17052505). Mice were randomly distributed into three different groups (CTRL, MCD, ATH). Mice in the CTRL and ATH groups were fed with their respective diets for 12 weeks. As the MCD diet rapidly induces the liver manifestation of NASH as well as an important weight loss, mice in the MCD group were fed a CTRL diet for 5 weeks followed by 7 weeks of MCD diet.
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4

Dietary Effects on Metabolic Disorders in Mice

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Male 5-week-old C57BL/6J mice were purchased from the Jackson Laboratory (CA, USA). Mice were housed (n = 5 per cage) in a temperature-controlled room (22–23°C) under a 12 h light/dark cycle. Animal experiments were approved by the Institutional Animal Care Committee of the Faculty of Medicine at the University of the Ryukyus (No. A2016112), and followed the ARRIVE guidelines.
Figure 1(a) shows the experimental design. The mice were randomized to three groups on the basis of their body mass: one was fed a normal chow diet (NCD; 5% fat) (CE-2, CLEA Japan Inc., Tokyo, Japan), the second was fed a high-fat diet (HFD; 56% of calories from fat) (F2HFD2, Oriental Yeast Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan), and the third was fed a high-fat, methionine-and-choline-deficient diet (HFD + MCDD; 21% of calories from fat) (A02082002BR, Research Diets, Inc. USA) from 5 to 24 weeks of age. Groups of mice were administered vehicle (phosphate-buffered saline (PBS)), dapagliflozin (Dapa) at 0.1 or 1.0 mg/kg/day, or furosemide (Furo) at 3.0 or 30 mg/kg/day during the last 2 weeks of the feeding period (n = 40 per group). To evaluate liver damage, glucose tolerance, and hormone concentrations, blood samples (approximately 15 μl) were collected in the fasting state from a tail vein using capillary glass tubes before and after the period of administration of each agent.
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5

Induction of Liver Fibrosis in Mice

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All mice were housed in an SPF level animal facility with controlled temperature and humidity on a 12–12 hour light-dark cycle with food and water supplied ad libitum. For the carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) injection-induced liver fibrosis, male mice aged 6–8 weeks were randomly assigned to receive intraperitoneal injection of olive oil or CCl4 (10% v/v dissolved in olive oil, 2 mL/kg) twice per week for 8 weeks. For bile duct ligation (BDL)-induced liver fibrosis, male mice aged 6–8 weeks were subjected to surgical intervention. Briefly, mice were anaesthetised by isoflurane inhalation. After skin disinfection, a midline abdominal incision was made. The common bile ducts were exposed and ligated using 5–0 non-absorbable sutures. Samples were collected 4 weeks after surgery. To induce liver fibrosis by methionine-deficient and choline-deficient (MCD) diet, male mice aged 8–10 weeks were fed a normal chow (NC) or MCD diet (A02082002BR, Research Diets) for an indicated duration of up to 8 weeks.
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6

Liver-Specific Thrap3 Knockout Mouse Model

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All animal experiments were performed according to procedures approved by the Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology’s Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (UNISTIACUC-19-04). Thrap3 conditional mice were generated by breeding C57BL/6N-Atm1Brd Thrap3tm1a(KOMP)Wtsi/MbpMmucd mice (Mutant Mouse Regional Resource Centers (MMRRC), Stock #: 050053-UCD) with Flp mice. Liver-specific Thrap3 knockout mice were generated by crossing conditional floxed Thrap3 mice with B6 mice. Cg-Tg(alb-cre)21Mgn/J mice (Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME). The mice were housed in specific pathogen–free conditions under a 12 h light/dark cycle at a temperature of 21 °C and allowed free access to normal chow diet (A03, Scientific Animal Food & Engineering, Augy, France) and water. Seven-week-old male mice were fed a HFD (60% kcal fat, D12492, Research Diets Inc., New Brunswick, NJ) for 12 weeks or a MCD (A02082002BR, Research Diets Inc., New Brunswick, NJ, USA) for 4 weeks.
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7

Dietary Intervention and Gene Silencing in Mice

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Eight-week-old male C57BL/6J mice (n = 28) were kept under 12-h light/12-h dark cycle and had ad libitum access to standard diet or MCD diet (A02082002BR, Research Diets) for 6 weeks. In the study, mice received weekly intravenous injections of non-targeting control siRNA (siRNA control) or siRNA-Lbp (3 mg/kg) for 6 weeks, and we also used the corresponding buffer as the vehicle to discriminate off-target effects from the non-targeting control siRNA (Figure S5). Sequence and validation of this non-silencing control siRNA with the same LUNAR formulation was previously reported.43 (link) Food intake and body weight were monitored weekly. In these experiments, animal protocols were approved by the Ethical Committee for Animal Experimentation of the University of Santiago de Compostela.
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8

Mitochondrial Dynamics in NAFLD Progression

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All of the work with animals was conducted according to the guidelines established by the Johns Hopkins University Committee on Animal Care and Use. Five-week-old C57BL/6J WT mice (Stock# 000664) and Ldlr-/- mice (Stock# 002207) were purchased from Jackson Laboratory. One week later on arrival, WT and Ldlr-/- mice started to eat following the diets used for the study of pathological characterization: standard diet (2018S; Envigo), MCD and control diets (A02082002BR and A02082003BY; Research Diets), CDHF diet (A06071302; Research Diets), and Western (TD.88137; Envigo) diet. Non-targeting ASOs (5'-GGCCAATACGCCGTCA-3') and two independent OPA1-targeted ASOs (#1: 5'-GTTTTAAAGTAGGTGG-3'; #2: 5'-ATGATATATCGAAGTT-3') at the dose of 50 mg/kg bodyweight in PBS were injected intraperitoneally once per week for six weeks. To test the role of p62, Parkin, and PINK1 in mitochondrial ubiquitination, control, p62-KO, Parkin-KO, and PINK1-KO mice (Yamada et al., 2018 (link), 2019 (link)) were fed MCD and control diets for 6 weeks.
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9

Mouse Diet and Housing Protocol

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Mouse experiments were conducted to the standard protocols approved by the Animal Ethics Committee at the University of Santiago de Compostela (code: 15010/17/007), and mice received the highest levels of human care. C57BL/6J (8-week-old male) mice were housed in rooms under constant temperature (22 °C), a 12:12 h light/dark cycle and with ad libitum access to standard diet (STD) (U8200G10R, SAFE), CD-HFD (D05010402; 45 kcal% fat, Research Diets), or a MCD diet (A02082002BR, Research Diets) used during specified times and experiments [19 (link)].
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10

Liver Fibrosis Induction in Mice

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8 weeks old male C57BL/6J mice were housed in air-conditioned rooms (22°C–24°C) under a 12:12 h light/dark cycle and had ad libitum access to standard diet (SD), methionine-and choline-deficient diet (MCDD) (A02082002BR, Research Diets), choline-deficient and high fat diet (CDHFD) (D05010402; 45% fat, Research Diets) for the specified times. Carbon tetrachloride (06–3545, Strem Chemicals) was administered by i.p. injection at a dose of 0.6 mL/kg once a week for 6 weeks to induce liver fibrosis in mice, using corn oil as vehicle.58 (link) Animal experiments were conducted in accordance with the standards approved by the Faculty Animal Committee at the University of Santiago de Compostela, and the experiments were performed in agreement with the Rules of Laboratory Animal Care and International Law on Animal Experimentation.
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