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Pepsin from porcine gastric mucosa powder

Manufactured by Merck Group
Sourced in United States

Pepsin from porcine gastric mucosa powder is a proteolytic enzyme derived from the gastric mucosa of pigs. It is a naturally occurring enzyme that plays a key role in the digestion of proteins by breaking down peptide bonds. The powder form provides a concentrated and standardized source of pepsin for use in various applications.

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7 protocols using pepsin from porcine gastric mucosa powder

1

Milk to Butter and Cream Production

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Bulk raw cow milk for cream and butter production was obtained from the Hunan Provincial Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Research Institute (Changsha, China). MFGM-10 powder was purchased from Arla Foods (Viby, Denmark). Pepsin powder from porcine gastric mucosa (catalog no. P7000; ≥ 250 units/ mg of solid; Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) and fungal lipase from Rhizopus oryzae (catalog no. 80612, ≥ 30 U/ mg; Sigma-Aldrich) were used to simulate the stomach environment. Pancreatin from porcine pancreas (catalog no. P7545; 8 × USP specification), lipase from porcine pancreas (catalog no. L3126; Type II, 100-500 units/mg of protein using olive oil), and bile salt extract (catalog no. 48305) were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich and were used to simulate the intestinal digestion environment. Unless otherwise stated, all other chemicals and reagents were obtained from the Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Purified Milli-Q water was used in all these experiments.
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2

Infant Formula Digestion Simulation

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Infant vegetable oil (Infat) was purchased from Advanced Lipids (Karlshamn, Sweden) and butter milk powder was obtained from Fonterra Co-operative Group (Auckland, New Zealand). Pepsin powder from porcine gastric mucosa (catalog no. P7000; ≥250 units/ mg of solid) and fungal lipase from Rhizopus oryzae (catalog no. 62305, Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO; 50 units/mg of solid, stable in the range pH 4.5-7.5, sn-1(3) stereospecific enzyme) were used to simulate the stomach environment. Pancreatin from porcine pancreas (catalog no. P7545; 8× USP specification), lipase from porcine pancreas (catalog no. L3126; Type II, 100-500 units/mg of protein using olive oil), and bile salt extract (catalog no. 48305) were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO) and used to simulate the intestinal digestion environment. Unless otherwise stated, chemicals were from Sigma-Aldrich.
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3

Pigeon Pea Enzymatic Hydrolysis

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Pigeon pea was obtained from the local market, Tak, Thailand. Pepsin from porcine gastric mucosa powder, α-amylase Type VI-B from porcine pancreas, and pancreatin from porcine pancreas were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich Chemical (St. Louis, MO, USA). Amyloglucosidase from Aspergillus niger was purchased from Roche Diagnostics (Indianapolis, IN, USA). Glucose LiquiColor® was purchased from HUMAN GmbH (Wiesbaden, Germany).
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4

Liraglutide-loaded PLGA Nanoparticles

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Liraglutide was purchased from Xi’an Health Biochem Technology Co., Ltd. (Shaanxi, China), Poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA 50:50, Mw = 30,000–60,000 Da), and PVA (MOWIOL 4-98, Mw ~ 27,000 Da) were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (Munich, Germany). d-mannitol was purchased from Molar Chemicals Ltd. (Budapest, Hungary). Sodium acetate anhydrous was purchased from Scharlau Chemie S.A. (Barcelona, Spain). Ethyl acetate was from REANAL Labor (Budapest, Hungary). Pepsin from porcine gastric mucosa, powder (≥400 units/mg protein) and pancreatin from porcine pancreas (≥3× USP specifications) were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (Budapest, Hungary). All other chemicals in the study were of analytical reagent grade.
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5

Dragon Fruit Peel Bioactivity Evaluation

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The dragon fruit peel was obtained from Ramathibodi Hospitals, Bangkok, Thailand. Commercial potato, glutinous rice, rice, and wheat flour were purchased from a supermarket. Folin-Ciocalteu reagent, betanin, 2,4,6-tripyridyl-s-triazine (TPTZ), pepsin from porcine gastric mucosa powder, α-amylase Type VI-B from porcine pancreas, and pancreatin from porcine pancreas were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich Chemical (St. Louis, MO, USA). Amyloglucosidase from Aspergillus niger was purchased from Roche Diagnostics (Indianapolis, IN, USA).
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6

In Vitro Digestion of Rice Cultivars

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RD43 rice (Oryza sativa L.) and Hom Mali 105 rice (Oryza sativa L.) were obtained from the Rice Department, Bangkok, Thailand. Pepsin from porcine gastric mucosa powder (250 U/mg), α-amylase Type VI-B from porcine pancreas (15.8 U/mg), pancreatin from porcine pancreas (4×U.S. Pharmacopeia (USP) specifications), pure amylose from potatoes, phosphatidylcholine, oleic acid, taurocholic acid, glycodeoxycholic acid, taurodeoxycholic acid, taurocholic acid, and porcine cholesterol esterase (35 U/mg) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, Inc. (St. Louis, MO, United States). Amyloglucosidase (3,260 U/mL) was purchased from Megazyme International Ireland Ltd. (Bray, Ireland). Glucose oxidase kit (Glucose liquicolor) and Cholesterol test kits (Cholesterol liquicolor) were purchased from Human (Human diagnostics, Wiesbaden, Germany). The total bile acid kit was purchased from BIOBASE (Jinan, Shandong, China).
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7

In Vitro Gastrointestinal Fluid Simulation

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Simulated gastric fluid (SGF) was prepared by mixing 4 g of sodium chloride (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) and 14 mL of hydrochloric acid (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) in 2 L of ddH2O, then adjusting the pH to 1.2. Pepsin from porcine gastric mucosa powder (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) was added at a concentration of 3.2 mg/mL prior to the dissolution testing. Simulated intestinal fluid (SIF) was prepared by mixing 1.792 g of sodium hydroxide (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) and 13.61 g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate (Alfa Aesar, Ward Hill, MA, USA) in 2 L of ddH2O, then adjusting the pH to 6.8. Pancreatin from porcine pancreas (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) was added at a concentration of 10 mg/mL prior to the dissolution testing.
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