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Stearic

Manufactured by Merck Group
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Stearic is a laboratory equipment product. It is a saturated fatty acid that is commonly used in the manufacturing of various products.

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Lab products found in correlation

Myristic, by Merck Group (7 mentions) Linolenic, by Merck Group (4 mentions) Palmitoleic, by Merck Group (4 mentions) Linoleic acid, by Merck Group (3 mentions) N hexane, by Merck Group (3 mentions) Linolenic acid, by Merck Group (3 mentions) Lauric, by Merck Group (2 mentions) Ethanol, by Merck Group (2 mentions) Methanol, by Merck Group (2 mentions) Sodium hydroxide (naoh), by Merck Group (2 mentions) Chloroform, by Merck Group (2 mentions) Toluene, by Merck Group (2 mentions) Hplc grade solvent, by Merck Group (2 mentions) Arachidic, by Merck Group (2 mentions) N decane, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Naphthenic, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Bovine serum albumin (bsa), by Merck Group (1 mentions) Horse serum, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions) Choline chloride, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Nutrient broth no 2, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)

Spelling variants of this product

5-doxyl stearic acid (8 citations) 5-doxyl stearic acid (5-DSA) (5 citations) Stearic-d35 acid (4 citations) 2-(14-carboxytetradecyl)-2-ethyl-4,4-dimethyl-3-oxazolidinyloxy (16doxyl-stearic acid, 16-DSA) (2 citations) Stearic acid-13C18 (2 citations) 2-(3-carboxypropyl)-4,4-dimethyl-2-tridecyl-3-oxazolidinyloxy (5doxyl-stearic acid, 5-DSA) (2 citations) 16NS (16-DOXIL-stearic acid) (2 citations) ZnO and stearic acid (2 citations) 16-doxyl stearic acid (16-SASL) (2 citations) Lab grade stearic acid (2 citations)

22 protocols using stearic

1

Carboxylic Acids Effect on Carbonate Wetting

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Three different carboxylic acids—palmitic (Sigma Aldrich, purity > 99 mol%), stearic (Sigma Aldrich, purity > 98.5 mol%) and naphthenic (Sigma Aldrich, technical grade) were used to represent typical organic acid molecules that present in crude oil and aquifers. Note that such carboxylic acids exist in deep saline aquifers46 (link) as a consequence of diagenesis and biodegradation of organic matter and subsequent migration into water zones47 (link).
Clearly, even very minute carboxylic acid concentrations strongly affect the wetting properties of carbonate rock surfaces11 (link). Therefore, in this study, an acid concentration of 0.01M was used in all experiments, which is a good approximation of an aquifer; in an oil reservoir, organic content is substantially higher.
The palmitic, stearic and naphthenic acids were dissolved in n-decane (Sigma-Aldrich, purity > 99 mol%). The solutions were homogenized using a magnetic stirrer for one day.
Ivanova A., Orekhov A., Markovic S., Iglauer S., Grishin P, & Cheremisin A. (2022). Live imaging of micro and macro wettability variations of carbonate oil reservoirs for enhanced oil recovery and CO2 trapping/storage. Scientific Reports, 12, 1262.
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2

Pneumococcal Cell Wall Degradation

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S. pneumoniae strains (Table S1) were grown on blood agar plates over night at 37°C and 5% CO2. The standard medium for suspension cultures was C+Y medium (Text S1) supplemented with horse serum (1% [vol/vol]; Håtunalab) and glucose bouillon (9% [vol/vol], 25 g/liter nutrient broth no. 2 [Oxoid], 10 g/liter glucose). To assess the contribution of the pneumococcal cell wall-degrading enzymes to pneumococcal lysis, the bacteria were grown in medium containing a competitive concentration of choline chloride (110 mM) (Sigma). For establishing growth conditions without extracellular fatty acids, the yeast extract was omitted from the C+Y medium, yielding C medium. For experiments with defined fatty acid compositions, the C medium was supplemented with fatty acid-free BSA (10 mg/ml; Sigma) and with the appropriate fatty acids (lauric, stearic, oleic, and linoleic acids, purchased from Sigma) to a final solvent concentration of 1% (vol/vol) DMSO in the growth medium.
Reithuber E., Nannapaneni P., Rzhepishevska O., Lindgren A.E., Ilchenko O., Normark S., Almqvist F., Henriques-Normark B, & Mellroth P. (2020). The Bactericidal Fatty Acid Mimetic 2CCA-1 Selectively Targets Pneumococcal Extracellular Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Metabolism. mBio, 11(6), e03027-20.
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3

Antioxidant Capacity Evaluation Methods

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Folin-Ciocalteu phenol reagent, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2′-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), ascorbic acid (AA), 6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid (Trolox), potassium persulfate, 14% boron trifluoride-methanol (BF3-methanol), anhydrous sodium sulfate, n-hexane, sodium hydroxide, fatty acid standards (palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic, and linolenic acids), chloroform, ethanol, and methanol were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). CS and FS were purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Santa Cruz, CA, USA). All chemicals were of analytical grade and used without further purification.
Li W., Yoo E., Sung J., Lee S., Hwang S, & Lee G.A. (2023). Distinct Effects of Seed Coat and Flower Colors on Metabolite Contents and Antioxidant Activities in Safflower Seeds. Antioxidants, 12(4), 961.
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4

Fatty Acid Analysis by GC-MS

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Methanol and n-hexane of analytical grade were obtained from PENTA (Praha, Czech Republic). The toluene (analytical-grade) was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Further, the 3-(Trifluoromethyl)phenyltrimethylammonium hydroxide (TFTMAH), 5% w/v in methanol (known as MethPrep II), was supplied by Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. (Nihonbashi-honcho, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan). The fatty acid standards—azelaic (C9), suberic (C8), sebacic (C10), palmitic (C16:0), stearic (C18:0), oleic (C18:1), linoleic (C18:2), linolenic (C18:3), and cholesta-3,5-diene-7-one—were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Individual stock standard solutions were prepared for fatty acids in n-hexane and cholesta-3,5-diene-7-one in 2-propanol at a concentration of 1 mg·mL−1 and stored in a refrigerator at 5 °C.
Nádvorníková J., Pitthard V., Kurka O., Kučera L, & Barták P. (2024). Egg vs. Oil in the Cookbook of Plasters: Differentiation of Lipid Binders in Wall Paintings Using Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry and Principal Component Analysis. Molecules, 29(7), 1520.
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5

Fatty Acid Standards for Lipidomics

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Stearic, oleic, linoleic and linolenic acids were purchased from Sigma (Taufkirchen, Germany). (±)-13-hydroxy-9Z,11E-octadecadienoic acid (13-OH-18:2), (±)-9-hydroxy-10E,12Z-octadecadienoic acid (9-OH-18:2), 9-oxo-10E,12Z-octadecadienoic acid (9-keto-18:2), (±)-15-hydroxy-11Z,13E-eicosadienoic acid (15-OH-20:2) were purchased from Cayman Chemicals (Ann Arbor, MI). 2-hydroxy-9Z-octadecenoic acid (2-OH-18:1), 10S-11S-epoxy-9S-hydroxy-12Z-15Z-octadecadienoic acid (10,11-epoxy-9-OH-18:2), (±)-cis-9,10-epoxy-12Z-octadecenoic acid (9,10-epoxy-18:1), (±)-cis-9,10-epoxy-octadecanoic acid (9,10-epoxy-18:0) were purchased from Larodan Fine Chemicals (Malmö, SE). 9-oxo-octadecanoic acid (9-keto-18:0) was purchased from Lipidox (Malmö, SE).
Schuck S., Kallenbach M., Baldwin I.T, & Bonaventure G. (2014). The Nicotiana attenuata GLA1 lipase controls the accumulation of Phytophthora parasitica-induced oxylipins and defensive secondary metabolites. Plant, cell & environment, 37(7), 1703-1715.
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6

Synthesis and Characterization of Bimetallic ZIFs

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(C14:0, 99–100%), palmitic (C16:0, 99%), oleic (C16:1, 99%), stearic (C18:0, ≥99%), and linoleic (C18:2, 99%) acids and polyacrylonitrile (PAN), were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (https://www.sigmaaldrich.com, USA). Methanol (HPLC grade), boron trifluoride and n-hexane were purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany, http://www.merck.com). Zn(NO3)2·6H2O, Co(NO3)2·6H2O, 2-methylimidazole (MeIm) and N,N-dimethylformamide (99.5%, DMF) were provided by Sigma-Aldrich and used for bimetallic ZIFs (CoxZn1−x(MeIm)2) synthesis. Halloysite nanotubes (1–3 μm length, 30–70 nm inner diameter, 64 m2 g−1 surface area) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Aminopropyl triethoxysilane (APTES), graphite, sodium hydroxide, hydrochloric acid, hydrogen peroxide 30% and sodium chloride were purchased from Merck. Toluene, cyclohexane, n-hexane, dichloromethane, chloroform and all other chemicals were obtained from Merck. The real samples used for this study were filtered through a nylon 0.45 μm filter before use. Dairy samples were purchased from local supermarkets then stored at 4 °C prior to use.
Mirzajani R., Kardani F, & Ramezani Z. (2021). The fabrication of a novel polyacrylonitrile/reduced graphene oxide-amino-halloysite/bimetallic metal–organic framework electrospun nanofiber adsorbent for the ultrasonic-assisted thin-film microextraction of fatty acid methyl esters in dairy products with gas chromatography-flame ionization detection. RSC Advances, 11(24), 14686-14699.
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7

Fatty Acid Composition Analysis by PCA

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Principal component analysis (PCA) was independently performed on two ranges, 3050–2800 cm–1 and 1500–1350 cm–1, to evaluate the changes in the fatty acid composition during the fungal growth in the XLSTAT version 6.0 software [37 (link)]. Since each range provides diverse and specific information, splitting the analysis into different ranges allows an easier interpretation of the PCA results. Further, it was compared with an individual fatty acid standard such as palmitic, stearic, oleic, and linoleic acid (Sigma-Aldrich, St Louis, MO, USA). The correlation matrix was computed on standardized spectra (zero mean and standard deviation equal to 1) and diagonalized to get eigenvectors (loadings, v) sorted according to the magnitude of the corresponding eigenvalues [38 ]. In all cases, the first three eigenvectors already described were more than 95% of the total variance of the data. The principal components (scores) were obtained by projecting the original spectra on the orthogonal subspace defined by the first three eigenvalues.
Srinivasan N., Thangavelu K., Sekar A., Sanjeev B, & Uthandi S. (2021). Aspergillus caespitosus ASEF14, an oleaginous fungus as a potential candidate for biodiesel production using sago processing wastewater (SWW). Microbial Cell Factories, 20, 179.
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8

Quantitative Analysis of Olive Oil Compounds

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High purity standards for the qualitative-quantitative determination of fatty acids (palmitic, palmitoleic, heptadecanoic, stearic, oleic, linoleic, linolenic, arachidic, eicosenoic, behenic), α-T, triterpenic acids (maslinic and oleanoic acids), hexanal, and 2-methylpropyl acetate, as well as all High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) grade solvents, were all purchased from Sigma–Aldrich (Milan, Italy). Tyrosol, hydroxytyrosol, and verbascoside were purchased from Fluka (Milan, Italy), Cabru s.a.s. (Arcore, Milan, Italy), and Extrasynthese (Genay Cedex, France), respectively. Oleacein and oleocanthal were obtained from PhytoLab GmbH & Co. (Vestenbergsgreuth, Germany). Carotenoids (lutein and β-carotene) and β-T3 standards were purchased from CaroteNature (Lupsingen, Liestal, Switzerland) and Cayman chemicals (Ann Arbor, MI, USA), respectively.
Durante M., Bleve G., Selvaggini R., Veneziani G., Servili M, & Mita G. (2019). Bioactive Compounds and Stability of a Typical Italian Bakery Products “Taralli” Enriched with Fermented Olive Paste. Molecules, 24(18), 3258.
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9

Preparation of Fatty Acid-Bound BSA

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FA-BSA stocks were prepared fresh prior to each experiment using the following fatty acids: lauric, myristic, palmitic, stearic, oleic, and linoleic acids (all from Sigma-Aldrich). To facilitate solubilization, 80 mM of each FA was saponified in 0.1 M aqueous KOH or NaOH with heating to 70 °C and constant agitation using an Eppendorf ThermoMixer. Utilizing established binding parameters (Table S3), saponified FAs were added to pre-warmed (37°C) 2 mM FA-free BSA (Roche) in PBS to achieve unbound free fatty acid concentrations equal to 11.03 nM. This concentration was selected because 0.5 mM palmitate conjugated to 0.125 mM BSA (4:1 ratio) is commonly used and equates to 11.03 nM unbound FFA, assuming a dissociation constant (Kd) of 8 nM and 6.9 predicted palmitate binding sites per molecule of BSA (Huber et al., 2006 (link)). The Kd values and number of predicted binding sites for each fatty acid are shown in Table S3. Conjugation was carried out in an orbital shaker (New Brunswick), rotating at 140 rpm at 37 °C for 1 hr. Conjugates were filter-sterilized through 0.2 μm PVDF filters and added to fresh cell culture media.
Borcherding N., Jia W., Giwa R., Field R.L., Moley J.R., Kopecky B.J., Chan M.M., Yang B.Q., Sabio J.M., Walker E.C., Osorio O., Bredemeyer A.L., Pietka T., Alexander-Brett J., Morley S.C., Artyomov M.N., Abumrad N.A., Schilling J., Lavine K., Crewe C, & Brestoff J.R. (2022). Dietary lipids inhibit mitochondria transfer to macrophages to divert adipocyte-derived mitochondria into blood. Cell metabolism, 34(10), 1499-1513.e8.
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10

Antioxidant Extraction from Guara Almond Skins

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Water (ultrapure grade) and ethanol (HPLC grade) were acquired from Merck (Madrid, Spain). Hexanal (98%), p-anisidine reagent (99%), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), sodium chloride, methanol (HPLC grade) and n-hexane (96%, GC grade) were supplied by Sigma-Aldrich (Madrid, Spain). Petroleum ether, sodium methylate, sulphuric acid (98%), acetic acid, potassium iodide, sodium thiosulfate (0.1 M), chloroform, isooctane were of analytical or chromatographic grade and were purchased from Panreac (Barcelona, Spain). Standard compounds such as linoleic (C18:2), oleic (C18:1), palmitic (C16:0), palmitoleic (C16:1), stearic (C18:0) and tridecanoic (C13) acid methyl esters; and 4-methyl-2-pentanone were acquired from Sigma-Aldrich (Madrid, Spain) in the purest available form. A commercial poly(ε-caprolactone) PCL-CAPA 6800 (Mn = 80,000, density = 1.1 g cm−3) was supplied in pellets by Perstorp Holding AB (Sweden). Guara almond skins (AS) were kindly supplied by Almendras Llopis (Alicante, Spain).
Valdés García A., Juárez Serrano N., Beltrán Sanahuja A, & Garrigós M.C. (2020). Novel Antioxidant Packaging Films Based on Poly(ε-Caprolactone) and Almond Skin Extract: Development and Effect on the Oxidative Stability of Fried Almonds. Antioxidants, 9(7), 629.
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