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19 protocols using qiaxcel dna high resolution kit

1

Determination of Sex Ratio in Fecal Samples

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To determine the sex ratio on each sampling date, the faeces were typed using sex-specific PCR [39 ]. Part of the Sry gene was amplified by duplex PCR using two sets of primers. A 447/445-bp region of the Zfy-Zfx genes was amplified as a positive control using XP15EZ/XP23EZ primers [40 ], and a 202-bp fragment of the SRY-HMG box of the Sry gene located on the Y chromosome was amplified for males using the SRYhmg-F/SRYhmg-R primers [41 (link)]. PCR amplifications were conducted in a reaction mixture (12 μL) consisting of 5 μL of DNA extract, 1× HotStarTaq Master Mix (Qiagen), and 0.3 μM of each primer and ultra-pure water. A negative control (ultra-pure water) was included for every 20 samples. The amplification cycling programme consisted of an activation step of 15 min at 95°C, followed by 32 cycles of denaturation at 93°C for 1 min, annealing at 50°C for 1 min, and primer extension at 72°C for 1 min. A final extension was performed at 72°C for 5 min. The PCR products were separated and visualized using the QIAxcel device (an automated capillary electrophoresis system produced by Qiagen) using the QIAxcel DNA high-resolution kit (Qiagen).
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2

PCR Amplification and Gel Electrophoresis

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PCR amplification was performed in either 2720 Thermal Cycler or GeneAmp® PCR System 9700 (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA), with HotStarTaq Plus Master Mix Kit (QIAGEN, Valencia, CA). One hundred nanogram of template DNA was subjected to 30 cycles of PCR amplification with denaturation at 95°C for 30 s, annealing at 60°C for 40 s, and extension at 72°C for 20 s in the total volume of 40 μl and the presence of 20 pmol primers. Primer sequences were listed as follows: D10Rat25: forward: 5′-CAGGGCACATGAGACAGTTG-3′, reverse: 3′-AAATGGGCTGGAGTAACACG-5′; RT1Bβ [11 (link)]: forward 5′-CGCAGGGGATTTCGTATT-3′, reverse 3′-TCTGCCTCCAGGGGTGG-5′. Each PCR product was resolved by either 12% polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis or capillary electrophoresis with QIAxcel DNA High Resolution Kit on QIAxcel Advanced System (QIAGEN, Valencia, CA).
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3

Amplicon Sequencing of Rhizosphere Microbiome

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Amplicon sequencing of the bacterial and fungal rhizosphere populations was done on the V3–V4 fragment of the 16S rRNA gene and the ITS2 gene fragment, respectively, using Illumina technology (Illumina, San Diego, CA, USA). Using an amplification and dual-index PCR successively, fragments were amplified, and extended with Illumina specific adaptors, which is described in detail in De Tender et al. (2016 (link)) and Debode et al. (2016 (link)). Each PCR step was followed by a PCR product clean-up using the CleanPCR reagent kit (MAGBIO, Gaithersburg, MD, USA).
Final libraries were quality controlled using the Qiaxcel Advanced, with the Qiaxcel DNA High Resolution kit (QIAGEN, Germantown, MD, USA), and concentrations were measured using the Quantus double-stranded DNA assay (Promega, Madison, WI, USA). The final barcoded libraries of each sample were diluted to 10 nM and pooled in a 2:1 ratio for bacterial and fungal libraries respectively. Resulting libraries were sequenced using Illumina MiSeq v3 technology (2 × 300 bp) by Macrogen, South-Korea, using 30% PhiX DNA as spike-in.
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4

Bacterial Community Analysis of Rhizosphere

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Rhizosphere bacteria were collected from the roots in saline solution as mentioned above. DNA was extracted from 250 µl of the bacterial suspensions using the DNeasy® PowerSoil® Kit (Qiagen, Hilden, Germany). The bacterial V3 and V4 regions of the 16S rRNA gene were amplified by using the primer pair S‐D‐Bact‐0341‐b‐S‐17/S‐D‐Bact‐0785‐a‐A‐21 (Klindworth et al., 2013 (link)), extended with Illumina specific adaptors. A second PCR (index PCR) was performed to attach dual indices and Illumina sequencing adaptors using the Nextera XT Index Kit (Illumina, San Diego, CA, USA). PCR conditions were used as described by Debode et al. (2016 (link)). PCR mastermixes were prepared using KAPA HiFi HotStart ReadyMix (Kapa Biosystems, Wilmington, MA, USA) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Each PCR was followed by a PCR clean‐up using HighPrep PCR beads (MAGBIO, Gaithersburg, MA, USA). The final PCR products were controlled for their quality via the QIAxcel Advanced system with the QIAxcel DNA High Resolution kit (QIAGEN, Germantown, MD, USA), and concentrations were measured using the Quantus double‐stranded DNA assay (Promega, Madison, WI, USA). The final barcoded libraries were diluted to 10 nM, equally pooled and sequenced on an Illumina MiSeq system (2 × 300bp) by Admera (South Plainfield, NJ, USA).
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5

Targeted DNA sequencing panel development

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The QIAseq Targeted DNA technology from Qiagen was used to develop kits for our customized gene panel composed of the selected 96 genes (Cat. No. EDHS-10082-002Z-3002 and CDHS-12403Z-675 Qiagen, Hilden, NRW, Germany). The NGS libraries were constructed according to the manufacturer’s instructions. After library preparation, the QIAxcel (Cat No. 900194 Qiagen, Hilden, NRW, Germany) was used to check the fragment size and concentration with the QIAxcel DNA high resolution kit (Cat No. 929002, Qiagen, Hilden, NRW, Germany). The prepared libraries were quantified using QIAseq Library Quant Assay Kit (Cat No. 333304, Qiagen, Hilden, NRW, Germany). Then, the libraries with different sample indexes were combined in equimolar amounts to achieve a similar sequencing depth for each combined library. The fragment size distribution in our libraries ranged between 200 and 1000 bp. The Ion PI Hi-Q Chef Kit (Cat. No. A27198, Thermo Fischer Scientific Inc., Waltham, MA, USA), running on the Ion Chef, was used to load the combined libraries on the Ion PI Chip (Cat. No. A26770, Thermo Fischer Scientific Inc., Waltham, MA, USA). The Ion Proton Platform was used for next generation sequencing using the Ion Proton Sequencing 200 Kit v2 (Cat. No. 4485149, Thermo Fischer Scientific Inc., Waltham, MA, USA).
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6

Anthracnose Resistance Marker Genotyping

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Previously identified anthracnose resistance molecular markers, polymorphic between Nautica and B09197, were used to genotype the RIL population. The SCAR markers used with linkage to Co–4 were SAS13 [38 (link)], SH18 and SBB14 [47 ]. PCR amplifications were performed in 25 μL reaction volumes with 1 μL genomic DNA (25 ng), 0.4 units of GOTaq DNA polymerase (Promega), 2.5 μL 10 X polymerase buffer, 200 mM dNTP, and 1 mM MgCl2 and 0.15mM each primer. Amplification conditions were 3 min at 94°C followed by 35 cycles of 10 s at 94°C, 30 s at 60°C and 1 min at 72°C. The PCR amplifications were performed in a Master Cycler nexus GSx1 (Eppendorf) using clear unskirted 96-well MultiplateTM PCR plate (BIO-RAD). The PCR products were separated with the Qiaxcel advanced capillary (QIAGEN) system using either QIAxcel DNA High Resolution Kit or QIAxcel DNA Fast Analysis Kit according to the manufacturer’s protocol.
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7

BRCA1/BRCA2 Targeted DNA Panel Sequencing

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We employed the QIAseq Human BRCA1, and BRCA2 targeted DNA panel (Qiagen, Germany, Cat. No. DHS-102Z). The manufacturer's instructions were followed while building the NGS libraries. Then, the fragment size and concentration were assessed using the QIAxcel DNA high-resolution kit (Cat No. 929002, Qiagen, Hilden, NRW, Germany). The libraries were subsequently quantified using the QIAseq Library Quant Assay Kit (Cat No. 333304, available from Qiagen, Hilden, NRW, Germany). The template was prepared using the Ion PI Hi-Q Chef Kit (Cat. No. A27198, Thermo Fischer Scientific Inc., USA), and sequencing on the Ion Proton Platform was done using the Ion Proton Sequencing 200 Kit v2 (Cat. No. 4485149, Thermo Fischer Scientific Inc., USA).
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8

Targeted DNA Sequencing of Breast Cancer Genes

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We used QIAseq targeted DNA panel (human breast cancer panel) (Cat. No. 333505, Qiagen, Germany). This panel included 93 BC specific genes (ACVR1B, AKT1, APC, AR, ATM, ATR, AXIN2, BAP1, BARD1, BLM, BMPR1A, BRCA1, BRCA2, BRIP, CASP8, CBFB, CCND1, CDH1, CDK4, CDK6, CDKN2A, CHEK2, CSMD1, CTNNB1, DIRAS3, EGFR, EP300, EPCAM, ERBB2, ERBB3, ERCC4, ESR1, EXOC2, EXT2, FAM175A, FANCC, FBXO32, FGFR1, FGFR2, GATA3, GEN1, HERC1, HOXB13, IRAK4, ITCH, KMT2C, KRAS, MAP2K4, MAP3K1, MDM2, MED12, MEN1, MLH1, MRE11A, MSH2, MSH6, MUC16, MUTYH, MYC, NBN, NCOR1, NEK2, NF1, PALB2, PALLD, PBRM1, PCGF2, PIK3CA, PIK3R1, PMS1, PMS2, PPM1L, PTEN, PTGFR, RAD50, RAD51, RAD51C, RAD51D, RB1, RET, SEPT9, SMAD4, SMARCA4, STK11, SYNE1, TGFB1, TP53, TRAF5, VHL, WEE1, XRCC2, XRCC3, and ZBED4).
The NGS libraries were constructed according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Then, the fragment size and concentration were checked using QIAxcel DNA high-resolution kit (Cat No. 929002, Qiagen, Hilden, NRW, Germany). Then, libraries were quantified using QIAseq Library Quant Assay Kit (Cat No. 333304, Qiagen, Hilden, NRW, Germany). The Ion PI Hi-Q Chef Kit (Cat. No. A27198, Thermo Fischer Scientific Inc., Waltham, MA, USA) was used for template preparation and the Ion Proton Sequencing 200 Kit v2 (Cat. No. 4485149, Thermo Fischer Scientific Inc., Waltham, MA, USA) was used for sequencing on the Ion Proton Platform.
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9

Viral DNA Extraction and Genetic Typing of Adenovirus

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The viral DNA was extracted from infected cells by using a QIAamp DNA mini kit (Qiagen, Valencia, CA, USA) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. For the typing of HAdV, the penton base, hexon, and fiber gene sequences were obtained for all HAdV strains; PCR was performed with the Platinum PCR SuperMix (Invitrogen) following the manufacturer instructions. The primer pairs designed to amplify and sequence the penton base, hexon, and fiber gene sequences are listed in Table 1. The amplification products were analysed with capillary gel electrophoresis by using the QIAxcel DNA High Resolution Kit (Qiagen, the Netherlands). After the PCR products were purified with a QIA Gel Extraction Kit (Qiagen, Valencia, CA, USA), the amplicons were bi-directionally sequenced using the Sanger sequencing method (BigDye Terminator, Version 3.1, Cycle Sequencing kit; Life Technologies, Grand Island, NY, USA) and an ABI PRISM 3130 genetic analyser (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA, USA).
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10

Amplification and Visualization of PCR Products

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The PCR method with specific oligonucleotide primers (Table S1) was performed according to Fries et al. (2013) [30 ]. Visualization of amplified PCR products was performed using the QIAxcel electrophoresis system with a QIAxcel DNA high-resolution kit (Qiagen, Hilden, Germany). The analysis was processed using the QIAxcel Screen Gel software system 1.5.0. The size of the segments of each product was determined by comparison with the size marker (50 bp–800 bp, Qiagen, Hilden, Germany) and alignment marker (15 bp–1 kbp, Qiagen).
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