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Whatman gf c filter

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Whatman GF/C filters are grade GF/C glass microfiber filters designed for general laboratory filtration applications. They feature high mechanical strength, chemical resistance, and consistent pore size distribution. Whatman GF/C filters are suitable for a variety of filtration tasks, including sample preparation, clarification, and separation.

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Lab products found in correlation

Unlabeled gtpγs, by Merck Group (3 mentions) 35s gtpγs, by PerkinElmer (2 mentions) Stereomicroscope, by Nikon (1 mentions) Fluorolog 3 double monochromator spectrofluorometer, by Horiba (1 mentions) Nicotine hydrogen tartrate, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Prism 4, by GraphPad (1 mentions) Sucrose, by Cytiva (1 mentions) Ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (edta), by Cytiva (1 mentions) D glucose, by Cytiva (1 mentions) Gtpγs, by Merck Group (1 mentions) 35s gtpγs 1250 ci mmol, by PerkinElmer (1 mentions) Gtpγs, by PerkinElmer (1 mentions) Cgp20712a, by Merck Group (1 mentions) 125i cyanopindolol 125i cyp, by PerkinElmer (1 mentions) Prism 5, by GraphPad (1 mentions) Uv 1700 pharma spec uv vis, by Shimadzu (1 mentions) Uv 1800 spectrophotometer, by Shimadzu (1 mentions) Ls 6500 multi purpose scintillation counter, by Beckman Coulter (1 mentions) Proteinase k, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Bx60 light microscope, by Olympus (1 mentions)

16 protocols using whatman gf c filter

1

Quantifying Microplastic Ingestion and Egestion in Fish

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To determine microplastic ingestion, each fish was killed and dissected, and its digestive tract was transferred to a 100-mL glass beaker covered with aluminum foil. The digestive tracts were digested with 30 % hydrogen peroxide for 72 h at 60 °C。After digestion, the residue in each beaker was filtered onto a Whatman GF/C filter.
To determine microplastic egestion, the residues on the filter collected at each sampling time were rinsed with 30% hydrogen peroxide into a 100-mL glass beaker to digest the faeces and food. After 72 h of digestion, the residues in each beaker were filtered onto a new Whatman GF/C filter. The filters were transferred to glass petri dishes and air-dried. Microplastics on the filters were examined and counted using a Nikon stereomicroscope (Tokyo, Japan) under 20–40 × magnification.
Xiong X., Tu Y., Chen X., Jiang X., Shi H., Wu C, & Elser J.J. (2019). Ingestion and egestion of polyethylene microplastics by goldfish (Carassius auratus): influence of color and morphological features. Heliyon, 5(12), e03063.
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2

Chlorophyll and Carotenoid Quantification

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Chlorophyll a and carotenoid content analyses were performed at t0 and t7 of the experiment.
An aliquot of 20 mL (t0) and another of approximately 10 mL (t7) of each sample were filtered on Whatman® GF/C filters and frozen at -20°C until the time of analysis. Samples
were then defrosted at room temperature before adding 10 mL of 80% acetone (v/v). Each tube was wrapped with aluminum (to induce darkness) and shaken. The tubes were placed in a beaker containing water (to ensure stability) and ultrasonicated for 20 min before being left to settle over a 10 min period, in the dark. Each sample was filtered on Whatman® GF/C filters and the filters were recovered in the filter cone. The tubes were rinsed with 80% acetone and the filters were pressed. The filtrates were collected in the initial tube and the final volume was noted (graduated tube). Chlorophyll a content was determined with a Shimadzu UV-1800 spectrophotometer (Shimadzu Inc., Kyoto, Japan). Absorbance measurements were made at the following wavelengths: 470 nm, 663.2 nm and 648.8 nm. The chlorophyll a and carotenoid contents were calculated with Lichtenthaler equations (Lichtenthaler and Wellburn 1983, Iummato et al. 2017 ) and expressed as milligrams per liter (mg.L -1 ).
Demailly F., Elfeky I., Malbezin L., Le Guédard M., Eon M., Bessoule J.J., Feurtet-Mazel A., Delmas F., Mazzella N., Gonzalez P, & Morin S. (2019). Impact of diuron and S-metolachlor on the freshwater diatom Gomphonema gracile: Complementarity between fatty acid profiles and different kinds of ecotoxicological impact-endpoints. The Science of the total environment, 688.
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3

Quantitative DNA Synthesis Assay

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For quantitation of DNA synthesis by the trichloroacetic acid (TCA) precipitation assay, 0.2 mCi/mL [a-32 P]-dATP was added to a final 25 mL volume of replication mixture. Timed aliquots (2.5 mL) were stopped in 45.5 mL of stop mix (300 mM NaCl, 40 mM EDTA pH 8, 1% SDS, 0.5% Triton X-100). Each aliquot was digested with 2 mL of proteinase K (10 mg/mL, Sigma-Aldrich) for at least 1h at 55°C. The digested samples (50 mL) were spotted on Whatman GF/C filters and immediately immersed in an ice-cold 5% w/v TCA solution for 20 min. The filters were further washed twice in TCA for 20 min, twice in 100% ethanol for 5 min, dried onto Whatman paper and radioactivity was measured in a LS6500 Multi-Purpose Scintillation Counter (Beckman Coulter). To measure the total radioactivity input, a 1 mL aliquot of the replication mixture was diluted in 47 mL of stop mix, digested with proteinase K as above, and 5 mL aliquots were spotted directly onto Whatman GF/C filters and counted as above.
De Carli F., Gaggioli V., Millot G.A, & Hyrien O. (2016). Single-molecule, antibody-free fluorescent visualisation of replication tracts along barcoded DNA molecules. The International journal of developmental biology, 60(7-8-9).
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4

Absorption and Fluorescence Spectroscopy

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Absorption spectra were recorded between 350 and 750 nm at room temperature using an Evolution 500 dual-beam spectrophotometer (Thermo Scientific). Samples were diluted with their corresponding media to an absorbance of one at the red maximum. Measurements were performed in a standard glass cell of 1 cm optical path length.
Fluorescence emission spectra at 77 K were recorded with a Fluorolog 3 double-monochromator spectrofluorometer (Horiba Jobin–Yvon, USA). In the case of isolated samples, 40–50 μl of solution with absorbance of 0.3 was evenly placed onto a Whatman GF/C glass microfiber filter and immersed in liquid nitrogen in a Dewar glass vessel. For measuring fluorescence from intact cells, a culture volume containing 5 µg Chl was filtered onto a Whatman GF/C filter. Emission spectra were recorded in the range of 620–800 nm with excitation at 460 or 580 nm and spectral bandwidth of 5 and 2 nm for excitation and emission, respectively.
Akhtar P., Biswas A., Petrova N., Zakar T., van Stokkum I.H, & Lambrev P.H. (2020). Time-resolved fluorescence study of excitation energy transfer in the cyanobacterium Anabaena PCC 7120. Photosynthesis Research, 144(2), 247-259.
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5

Quantifying Biofilm Dry Weight

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The dry weight of biofilms was evaluated following the method of Bao et al.33 . In brief, biofilms from six treatment replicates (n = 24) were scraped off substrata surfaces into 100-ml beakers containing autoclaved filter seawater (AFSW). An additional 50 ml of 0.22-μm AFSW was used to wash the biofilms attached to the beakers. Then, the suspensions were filtered using a pre-weighed Whatman GF/C filter (pore size: 1.2 μm, Whatman International Ltd, Maidstone, England). Each GF/C filter paper was dried at 80 °C for 48 h. The dry weight of each biofilm sample was calculated based on the weight difference between the weight of the filter before and after filtration.
Yang J.L., Li Y.F., Liang X., Guo X.P., Ding D.W., Zhang D., Zhou S., Bao W.Y., Bellou N, & Dobretsov S. (2016). Silver Nanoparticles Impact Biofilm Communities and Mussel Settlement. Scientific Reports, 6, 37406.
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6

Radioligand Binding Assay for Nicotinic Receptors

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Binding of [3H]-epibatidine ([3H]Eb; Perkin-Elmer Life Sciences) to crude cell membranes was as described previously [9 (link)–11 (link)]. Basically, cells were plated into 100 mm culture dishes for at least 48 hours before treatment. To harvest membranes, cells (18–24 hrs after treatment initiation) were rinsed in TBS, scraped into 50 mM Tris (pH 7.4), and disrupted in a glass Dounce homogenizer. Debris and nuclei were separated by low-speed centrifugation (300 xg) and the supernatant collected and pelleted by centrifugation at 20,000xg. The pellet was dissolved in a final concentration of 1% of TritonX-100, cleared by centrifugation and 5 μg of this soluble membrane fraction was incubated with 5 nM [3H]Eb for 2–4 h at room temperature. Binding assays were done in triplicate, and non-specific binding was measured in parallel tubes to which 300 μM nicotine hydrogen tartrate (Sigma) was added for 30 min prior to [3H]Eb. Samples were collected by vacuum filtrated through Whatman GF/C filters and then quantitated using standard scintillation counting. The specific binding was calculated by averaging the total binding minus the nonspecific (nicotine blocked) binding and analyzed using Prism 4 (v4.03, GraphPad Software Inc., San Diego).
Rogers S.W, & Gahring L.C. (2015). Upregulation of Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor alph4+beta2 through a Ligand-Independent PI3Kbeta Mechanism That Is Enhanced by TNFalpha and the Jak2/p38Mapk Pathways. PLoS ONE, 10(11), e0143319.
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7

GABA Binding Assay Protocol

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β-Alanine, aminooxyacetic acid, N-2-hydroxyethylpiperazine-n-2-ethanesulfonic acid (HEPES), EDTA, D-glucose, sucrose, NO-711, Whatman GF/C filters, analytical grade salts were purchased from Sigma (St. Louis, MO, USA). [3H]GABA (94 Ci/mmol) and Organic Counting Scintillant (OCS) were received from Amersham (Little Chalfont, UK).
Pozdnyakova N., Dudarenko M., Yatsenko L., Himmelreich N., Krupko O, & Borisova T. (2014). Perinatal hypoxia: different effects of the inhibitors of GABA transporters GAT1 and GAT3 on the initial velocity of [3H]GABA uptake by cortical, hippocampal, and thalamic nerve terminals. Croatian Medical Journal, 55(3), 250-258.
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8

Measuring Macromolecular Synthesis in Mycobacteria

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To determine whether RelEMtb affects macromolecular synthesis, pulse-chase experiments were conducted on M. smegmatis strains LIX32 (pYA1611), LIX33 (pYA1611::relEMtb) and LIX34 (pYA1611::relBEMtb). Cells were grown as described for fluorescent microscopy. At specific time points, three 500 μl samples were removed and one of each was labeled with [35S]methionine (1 μCi; 1175 Ci/mmol) for 15 min, [3H]thymidine (1 μCi; 20 Ci/mmol) for 15 min, or [3H]ur- idine (0.1 μCi; 27 Ci/mmol) for 15 min at 37°C. Samples were chased at 37°C for 1 h with 100 μg of cold methionine/ml, 1 mg of cold thymidine/ml, or 1 mg of cold uridine/ml. Aliquots of 500 μl of labeled cells were added to 1 ml of precipitation solution (90 ml of 0.5 N NaOH plus 10 ml of carrier mix [5 μg of lysozyme/ml, 20 μg of salmon sperm DNA/ml, and 10 μg of bovine serum albumin/ml in 0.5 N NaOH]) and vortexed, and then 1 ml of ice-cold 20% trichloroacetic acid (TCA) was added. Samples were placed on ice for 30 min, and precipitates were collected on Whatman GF/C filters (Whatman) prewet with 10% TCA. Samples on the filters were washed twice with 2 ml of ice-cold 10% TCA, once with 3 ml of ice-cold 95% ethanol, dried, and counted in 5 ml of scintillation fluid (EcoLume, Cardinal Health).
Korch S.B., Malhotra V., Contreras H, & Clark-Curtiss J.E. (2015). The Mycobacterium tuberculosis relBE toxin:antitoxin genes are stress-responsive modules that regulate growth through translation inhibition. Journal of microbiology (Seoul, Korea), 53(11), 783-795.
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9

GTPγS Binding Assay for Cannabinoid Receptors

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Briefly, 8.5 μg of membrane preparation was tested with at least nine different concentrations of unlabeled CP55,940 ranging between 100 pM and 10 μM as described previously40 (link). The membrane preparations were incubated with 0.1 nM [35S] GTPγS (1,250 Ci/mmol; PerkinElmer Life Sciences, Boston, MA), 3 μM GDP (Sigma, St. Louis, MA), 0.1% w/v BSA and varying concentrations of unlabeled CP55,940 in a total volume of 200 μl of GTPγS binding buffer (50 mM Tris-HCl, pH 7.4, 3 mM MgCl2, 0.2 mM EGTA and 100 mM NaCl) for 60 min. Nonspecific binding was determined with 10 μM unlabeled GTPγS (Sigma, St. Louis, MA). The reaction was terminated by filtration through Whatman GF/C filters followed by washing with ice cold TME buffer and the bound radioactivity determined.
Shim J.Y., Khurana L, & Kendall D.A. (2016). Computational Analysis of the CB1 Carboxyl-terminus in the Receptor-G Protein Complex. Proteins, 84(4), 532-543.
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10

Chaoborus Kairomone Preparation and Usage

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Fourth-instar Chaoborus flavicans larvae were collected from a pond at the National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. Chaoborus is not an endangered or protected species. Sample collection was performed with permission of NIES. Chaoborus larvae were reared in dechlorinated tap water at a density of 10–15 larvae/L for more than 7 days in a temperature- and photoperiod-controlled incubator and fed D. pulex daily with sufficient. After 7 days, the water was filtered using Whatman GF/C filters (Whatman, London, UK) to remove any daphnid juveniles and particulate matter (> 1 μm) before being stored in plastic bottles at -20°C. At the time of the experiments, the water samples were thawed at 20°C and used as a rearing medium for D. pulex (fed Chaoborus-conditioned medium). In this study, the undiluted kairomone water was referred to as the “x1” kairomone concentration (indicated as “kairomone (x1)”). We then prepared a 1/16 dilution of the kairomone (x1) water using filtered tap water (indicated as “kairomone (x1/16)”). Starved Chaoborus-conditioned medium was prepared by the same way as fed Chaoborus-conditioned medium except for feeding with D. pulex.
Miyakawa H., Sato M., Colbourne J.K, & Iguchi T. (2015). Ionotropic Glutamate Receptors Mediate Inducible Defense in the Water Flea Daphnia pulex. PLoS ONE, 10(3), e0121324.
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