Narirutin

Manufactured by Extrasynthese

Sourced in France

Narirutin is a type of flavonoid compound found in certain citrus fruits. It is a white crystalline powder that can be used as a reference standard or in the analysis of natural products.

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Lab products found in correlation

6 protocols using narirutin

Polyphenol Standards Analysis Protocol

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Ultra pure water (H₂O) was obtained by a Milli-Q Direct 8 system (Millipore, Milan, Italy), acetonitrile (ACN), formic acid (HCOOH) and acetic acid (CH₃COOH) LC-MS grade were purchased by Sigma-Aldrich (Milan, Italy). Polyphenol standards (apigenin 6,8-C-β-d-glucopyranoside, naringenin, narirutin, hesperidin, didymin, and malvidin 3-O-glucoside chloride) were purchased by Extrasynthese (Lyon, France). Unless otherwise specified, all reagents and compounds were purchased from Sigma Chemicals Company (Sigma, Milan, Italy).

Pepe G., Salviati E., Rapa S.F., Ostacolo C., Cascioferro S., Manfra M., Autore G., Marzocco S, & Campiglia P. (2020). Citrus sinensis and Vitis vinifera Protect Cardiomyocytes from Doxorubicin-Induced Oxidative Stress: Evaluation of Onconutraceutical Potential of Vegetable Smoothies. Antioxidants, 9(5), 378.

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Bioactive Compounds from Blood Orange Waste

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The fluid aqueous extract obtained from blood orange processing wastes (ExF) was produced by Ortogel SpA (Caltagirone, Sicily, Italy). Beta-cyclodextrin was supplied by Roquette Frères (Lestrem, France). Sodium alginate (ALG), fluorescein (FL), AAPH (2,2′ azobis(2-methylpropionamide) dihydrochloride) 97%, Trolox (6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid) and HEPES (4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine-1-ethanesulfonic acid), aminoguanidine bicarbonate 97% (AMG), bovine serum albumin (BSA), D-(−)-fructose, and sodium azide (NaN₃) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Srl (Milan, Italy). Anthocyanins (cyanidin-3-glucoside, cyanidin-3,5-diglucoside, cyanidin-3-rutinoside, and cyanidin-3-sophoroside;delphinidin-3-glucoside and delphinidin-3,5-diglucoside; pelargonidin-3-glucoside and pexlargonidin-3,5-diglucoside; peonidin-3-glucoside; and malvidin-3-glucoside) and flavanones (hesperidin, narirutin, and didymin) were purchased from Extrasynthèse (Genay, France). OmniMMP fluorescent substrate Mca-Pro-Leu-Gly-Leu-Dpa-Ala-Arg-NH₂, MMP-9 (refolded) (human) (recombinant) (catalytic domain) and MMP-2 (catalytic domain) (human) (recombinant) were purchased from Vinci-Biochem Srl (Firenze, Italy). Solvents for chromatography were HPLC grade (Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany). All the other chemicals used in the study were of analytical grade and were obtained commercially.

Lauro M.R., Crascì L., Giannone V., Ballistreri G., Fabroni S., Sansone F., Rapisarda P., Panico A.M, & Puglisi G. (2017). An Alginate/Cyclodextrin Spray Drying Matrix to Improve Shelf Life and Antioxidant Efficiency of a Blood Orange By-Product Extract Rich in Polyphenols: MMPs Inhibition and Antiglycation Activity in Dysmetabolic Diseases. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, 2017, 2867630.

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Keigairengyoto: Herbal Extract Antimicrobial Evaluation

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Keigairengyoto was supplied by Tsumura & Co. (lot number 2140050010, Tokyo, Japan) as a powdered extract obtained by spray-drying a hot water extract mixture of the following seventeen crude drugs: Scutellariae radix, Phellodendri cortex, Coptidis rhizoma, Platycodi radix, Aurantii fructus immaturus, Schizonepetae spica, Bupleuri radix, Gardeniae fructus, Rehmanniae radix, Paeoniae radix, Cnidii rhizoma, Angelicae radix, Menthae herba, Angelicae dahuricae radix, Saposhnikoviae radix, Forsythiae fructus, and Glycyrrhizae radix.
Amoxicillin and clavulanic acid used as reference antimicrobial drugs were purchased from Toronto Research Chemicals (Toronto, ON, Canada). Pure samples of apigenin, baicalein, baicalin, genistein, hesperidin, hesperetin, liquiritin, liquiritigenin, naringenin, glycyrrhizic acid, and glycyrrhetinic acid were purchased from Wako Pure Chemical Industries (Osaka, Japan). apigenin 7-O-glucoside was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA), narirutin from Extrasynthese (Genay, France), and isoliquiritin from Chemfaces (Hubei, China). baicalein, baicalin (baicalein 7-O-glucuronide), luteolin, genistin, wogonin, and wogonoside (wogonin 7-O-glucuronide), and berberine chloride were obtained from Tsumura & Co., with high purities for pharmacokinetic study.

Matsumoto T., Kaneko A., Koseki J., Matsubara Y., Aiba S, & Yamasaki K. (2018). Pharmacokinetic Study of Bioactive Flavonoids in the Traditional Japanese Medicine Keigairengyoto Exerting Antibacterial Effects against Staphylococcus aureus. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 19(2), 328.

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Identification and Quantification of Citrus Flavonoids

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HPLC-grade acetonitrile and DMSO were obtained by Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Vicenin-2, hesperidin, eriocitrin, narirutin, sinensetin, nobiletin, and tangeretin were supplied from Extrasynthèse (Genay, France). Lucenin-2 4′-methylether and orientin 4′-methyl ether were separated from Citrus limetta and Citrus bergamia [14 (link),15 (link)] and used as standards. The Iso-Disc P-34, 3 mm diameter PTFE membrane (0.45 μm pore size) was from Supelco (Bellefonte, PA, USA). All the other reagents and chemicals employed in this study were of analytical grade and were purchased from Sigma (St. Louis, MO, USA).

Cirmi S., Maugeri A., Lombardo G.E., Russo C., Musumeci L., Gangemi S., Calapai G., Barreca D, & Navarra M. (2021). A Flavonoid-Rich Extract of Mandarin Juice Counteracts 6-OHDA-Induced Oxidative Stress in SH-SY5Y Cells and Modulates Parkinson-Related Genes. Antioxidants, 10(4), 539.

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Polyphenol Standards Acquisition and Preparation

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All chemicals were of analytical grade. Polyphenols (ρ‐hydroxybenzoic acid, chlorogenic acid, vanillic acid, caffeic acid, ρ‐coumaric acid, ferulic acid, sinapic acid, naringin, and hesperidin) standards were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (Dorset, UK). Narirutin and didymin standards were purchased from Extrasynthese (Lyon, France). Acetonitrile, methanol, and formic acid were all of HPLC grade, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) was analytical grade, and purchased from Fisher Scientific Chemicals (Leics., UK). Solutions and solvents were prepared with Milli‐Q water (Milipore Inc. (Molsheim, France); σ = 18 mol/L Ω/cm).

Magwaza L.S., Opara U.L., Cronje P.J., Landahl S., Ortiz J.O, & Terry L.A. (2015). Rapid methods for extracting and quantifying phenolic compounds in citrus rinds. Food Science & Nutrition, 4(1), 4-10.

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Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Compound Sourcing

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LiChrosolv nhexane and SeccoSolv dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) were from Merck Millipore, Darmstadt, Germany; methanol (MeOH), diosmin, jasmonic acid, and salvianolic acid B from Sigma-Aldrich (Steinheim, Germany); luteolin, apigenin, narirutin, eriodictyol-7-Ogluronide, and rosmarinic acid from Extrasynthese (Genay, France); and acetonitrile (ACN) for liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) of ultragradient grade from Romil (Cambridge, UK). Water used was prepared by an EASYpure RF compact system (Barnstead, USA). Cuplaton antifoam agent was produced by Orion Pharma, Espoo, Finland. Mueller Hinton II agar (MHA) and Mueller Hinton II broth (MHB) were obtained from Becton Dickinson, Franklin Lakes, NJ, USA. Ciprofloxacin hydrochloride was purchased from ICN Biomedicals Inc., Ohio, USA; Nunclon Delta Surface 96-well microplates from Thermo Fisher Scientific, Roskilde, Denmark; and Petri dishes from Heger Plastics, Rjukan, Norway.

Kapp K., Püssa T., Orav A., Roasto M., Raal A., Vuorela P., Vuorela H., & Tammela P. (2020). Chemical Composition and Antibacterial Effect of Mentha spp. Grown in Estonia. Natural Product Communications, 15(12), 1934578X2097761-1934578X2097761.

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