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5 protocols using d4050

1

Cytokine-Chemokine Profiling of Inflammatory Cell Lines

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One day before the experiment, 2.0 × 105 HaCaT cells were cultured in 48-well plates. Cells were stimulated with 10 μg/mL LPS or 10 μg/mL Df for 24 h in 100 µL DMEM containing 0.5% FBS for 24 h. In 96-well plates, 2.0 × 104 monocyte-derived LCs were cultured and stimulated with 10 μg/mL LPS or 10 μg/mL Df for 24 h in 100 μL of RPMI 1640 containing 0.5% FBS for 24 h. After the 24-h stimulation, 0.5% Triton X-100 was added directly into the cell cultures and mixtures of cell suspension and lysate were collected. The mixtures were centrifuged at 14,000 rpm at 4°C for 5 min to remove cell debris. The mixtures of cell lysate and supernatant were used for the ELISA assay following the kit protocol.
Cytokine/chemokine multiplex array was performed using the Inflammation 20-Plex Human ProcartaPlex Panel (EPX200-12185-901, Invitrogen) and analyzed with a Bio-Plex 200 (BioRad) following manufacturer protocols. ELISA kits for CCL17 (DY364), MCP1 (DCP00), MDC (DMD00), IL-4 (D4050), and GM-CSF (DY215) were purchased from R&D Systems. PDGF-A ELISA kits (EHPDGF) were purchased from Thermo Fisher Scientific. Absorbance (excitation, 450 nm) was measured with a microplate reader (Infinite F200 Pro, Tecan). For reference, background absorbance was measured at 560 nm.
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2

Quantification of Cytokine Levels

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The concentrations of IL-8, interferon (IFN)-γ, IL-4, IL-17A and TGF-β1 in cell culture supernatants were measured using Quantikine enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits for IL-8 (R&D Systems, D8000C), IFN-γ (R&D Systems, DIF50C), IL-4 (R&D Systems, D4050), IL-17A (R&D Systems, D1700) and TGF-β1 (R&D Systems, DB100B), respectively, according to the manufacturer’s instructions.
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Evaluation of Asthma Model in Mice

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The asthma model establishment was verified by HE and Masson staining of left lung tissues, as well as cytokine levels (IL-4, IL-5, IL-13 and IFN-γ) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (n = 5). Lung tissues were fixed, dehydrated, embedded in paraffin, and cut into 4 μm sections. The lung sections were stained with HE staining kit (#G1120, Solarbio, Beijing, China) and Masson staining kit (#G1345, Solarbio, Beijing, China), according to the instructions. Levels of IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, and IFN-γ were measured with corresponding ELISA Kits (#D4050, M5000, D1300B, and QK285; R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN, USA), according to the manufacturer’s instructions.
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4

Cytokine and Extracellular Matrix Profiling Using ELISA

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ELISA was performed to evaluate the protein expression in serum, tissue homogenates, cell lysates, and cell supernatants52 (link). Human samples were analyzed using the specific ELISA kits for IL-4 (D4050, R&D Systems), IL-6 (D6050, R&D Systems), IL-13 (D1300B, R&D Systems), TGF-β1 (DB100B, R&D Systems), CTGF (DY9190-05, R&D Systems), MMP-9 (DMP900, R&D Systems), IL-33 (D3300B, R&D Systems), CCL2 (DCP00, R&D Systems), IL-31 (ab119546, abcam), MMP-1 (ab215083, abcam), IL-31RA (MBS923904, MyBioSource, San Diego, CA, USA), and type I collagen (EC1-E205, Adjusted Cell Experiment Laboratory, Kanagawa, Japan). Mouse samples were analyzed using the specific ELISA kits for IL-4 (M4000B, R&D Systems), IL-6 (M6000B, R&D Systems), IL-10 (M1000B, R&D Systems), TNF (MTA00B, R&D Systems), TGF-β1 (MB100B, R&D Systems), IFN-γ (MIF00, R&D Systems), IL-17A (ab216167, abcam), CTGF (LS-F26114-1, LifeSpan BioSciences, Seattle, WA, USA), IL-31 (LS-F5987, LifeSpan BioSciences), IL-31RA (LS-F14320, LifeSpan BioSciences), and type I collagen (NBP2-75822, Novus Biologicals, Littleton, CO, USA). To activate latent TGF-β1 to the immunoreactive form, acid activation and neutralization were performed before the assay of TGF-β1, as recommended by the manufacturer. All experiments were performed in accordance with the manufacturers’ instructions.
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5

Cytokine Quantification in HaCaT and LC Cells

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In 48-well plates, 2.0 × 10 5 HaCaT cells were stimulated with 100 µL of DMEM supplemented with 0.5% FBS. In 96-well plates, 2.0 × 10 4 LCs were stimulated with 100 mL of RPMI1640 supplemented with 0.5% FBS. After 24 h stimulation, 0.5% Triton X-100 was added into the cell cultures and then cell lysate was collected with supernatant. Cell lysate was used for ELISA assay following the kit protocol. ELISA kits (CCL17, DY364, MCP1, DCP00, MDC, DMD00, IL-4, D4050, GM-CSF, DY215) were purchased from R&D Systems. PDGF-AA ELISA kits (EHPDGF) were purchased from Thermo Fisher Scientific.
Absorbance (excitation, 450 nm) was measured on a microplate reader (Infinite F200 Pro, Tecan). As reference, background absorbance was measured at 560 nm.
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