β sitosterol

Ginsenoside Ro (98%), oleanolic acid (99%), Stigmasterol (95%), palmatine hydrochloride (98%), betherine (98%), epiberberine (98%), coptisine (98%), astragalin (98%), isoquercitrin (98%), baicalin (98%), wogonin (98%), chrysophanol (98%), physcion (98%) and Geniposide (98%) were sourced from the Chengdu Must Bio-technology Co., Ltd (Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China). Betaine (98%), nonanedioic acid (99.5%), succinic acid (90%), allantoin (98.5%), rutin (95%), β-sitosterol (95%) and 5-hydroxymethyl furaldehyde (99%) were sourced from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd (Shanghai, China). β-ecdysterone was sourced from J&K Scientific Ltd (Beijing, China).

Isoorientin (luteolin-6-C-glucoside, IsoO), orientin (luteolin-8-C-glucoside, Or), rutin (Quercetin-3-o-rhamnosylglucoside, Rut), isoquercitrin (Quercetin-3-o-glucoside, IsoQ), kaempferol-3-0-rutinoside (Km3rut), quercetin (Qu), and apigenin (Ap) were purchased from the National Institute for the Control of Pharmaceutical and Biological Products, Beijing, China. Astragalin (kaempferol-3-0- glucoside, Ast) and kaempferol (Km) were obtained from Yuanye Biological Technology Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Analytical grade anhydrous diethyl ether, ethyl acetate, petroleum ether, methanol, ethanol, aluminum nitrate, sodium hydroxide, sodium nitrite, formic acid, concentrated sulfuric acid, iron (III) chloride hexahydrate, glucose, and β-sitosterol (analytical grade) were purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. Shanghai, China. HPLC-grade acetonitrile and methanol were purchased from Tedia Company, Inc. USA.
Individual flavonoids were dissolved in different amounts of acetone (HPLC grade) to generate a set of standard stock solutions: 2.0, 0.8, 3.0, 2.8, 3.1, 3.5, 0.8, 1.3, and 1.8 mg/mL, and each solution was progressively diluted into eight different concentration gradients. All solutions were stored at 4°C prior to UPLC analysis.