Each transcutaneous electrical stimulus consisted of a standard, constant-current 1-ms duration square pulse using a constant current stimulator (DS7A, Digitimer, UK) (21) . For testing carried out in study 1, four 4.5cm points from the capsaicin application were drawn in proximal, distal, medial and lateral directions. Modified cathodal electrodes (Ag/AgCl; selfadhesive, 1 cm diameter, CareFusion, UK) were used to measure EPP threshold at the point of capsaicin application and at each of point with an anode (Ag/AgCl ; self-adhesive, 25mm diameter, CareFusion, UK) placed over the patella. Pain thresholds (mA) were then determined using the methods of limits approach at each of the 5 points by increasing the current intensity in 0.5 mA steps at 1 Hz and was defined as the mean of 3 intensities logged as the point at which sensation transitioned from being a ''heavy tapping'' sensation (i.e. no pain) to a sharp ''pinprick'' pain (21) . There was a 10 second-stimulus interval between each EPP test to avoid sensitisation. During study 2, eight radial 4.5 cm spokes were drawn from the point of capsaicin application and EPP thresholds were measured across 24 points radiating outwards from the capsaicin cream application.
Ag agcl
Manufactured by BD
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Ag/AgCl, also known as silver/silver chloride, is a type of reference electrode used in electrochemical measurements. It consists of a silver wire coated with silver chloride, immersed in a solution of potassium chloride. The Ag/AgCl electrode provides a stable and reproducible reference potential, which is an essential component in various analytical and electrochemical applications.
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Lab products found in correlation
2 protocols using ag agcl
1
Quantifying Capsaicin-Induced Hyperalgesia
2
Bilateral EMG Acquisition for Upper Limb and Trunk Assessment
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EMG was recorded bilaterally from erector spinae (ES) at the 12th thoracic vertebral level (T12) and anterior deltoid (AD), and unilaterally from the biceps (BB) and triceps (TB) brachii of the less affected arm or the dominant arm through pairs of surface electrodes (Ag-AgCl; 10 mm diameter, CareFusion, UK) secured to the skin over the belly of each muscle in line with the orientation of the muscle fibers. Electrodes were positioned 3 cm lateral to the spinous processes with an inter-electrode distance of 2 cm. To determine the less affected arm, manual muscle testing (MMT) was performed on each participant to examine the strength of elbow flexors and elbow extensors by an experienced physiotherapist (the author S.Y. Chiou). The side with greater muscle strength was defined as the less affected arm. If the muscle strength between sides was the same based on the MMT, the side participants reported as being less affected or the dominant side was used. The signals were amplified (×1,000), filtered (10–1,000 Hz), and sampled at 2 kHz for off-line analysis (CED Power1401 with Signal software, Cambridge Electronic Design, Cambridge, UK).
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