All patients underwent TURBT and intra-operative findings were recorded. The pathological diagnosis of tumor was established by a single pathologist, with > ten-years of experience in genitourinary malignancies, based on hematoxylin–eosin stained sections combined with immune-histochemical methods. Patient’s pathological characteristics including pathological stage and differentiation grade were recorded according to the UICC-TNM (2018) and WHO/ISUP (2004) classification, respectively.
Patients were followed up as per the NCCN-guidelines. The routine investigations at each follow-up consist of physical examination, blood investigations (including Plasma fibrinogen and D-dimer) and check cystoscopy. Excretory urogram and/or computed tomography (CT) was done to assess the upper urinary tract annually. The authors confirm the availability of, and access to all original data reported in this study.