Humulin r 0.25 u kg

Weekly monitoring of body weights and food intake was conducted in both male and female AKO and WT mice between 9:00 a.m. and 10:00 a.m. using a digital weight scale after 5 weeks. Energy expenditure was measured at the indicated ages using a comprehensive laboratory animal monitoring system (CLAMS, Columbia Instrument). Mice were placed in the CLAMS chambers for a total of 3 days; the first day served as an adaptation period for the mice, while data from the second and third days were used for analysis. The average EE values on the second and third days were utilized for ANCOVA analysis. Lean mass and fat mass were measured using dual X-ray absorptiometry (Lunar PIXImus). Visceral and subcutaneous fat mass were determined using magnetic resonance imaging (Agilent Technology). For the glucose tolerance test, D-glucose (1 g/kg, Sigma) was orally administered to mice under overnight fasting conditions. For the insulin tolerance test, insulin (Humulin-R® 0.25 U/kg, Eli Lilly) was injected into the peritoneum of overnight fasted mice. Blood samples were obtained from the tail vein immediately before and 30, 60, 90, and 120 min after injections to measure blood glucose levels using a glucometer (ACCU-CHEK®, Aviva Plus System).

Body weights, food intake levels, and body lengths (from the nostril to the tail) were monitored weekly between 9:00 a.m. and 10:00 a.m. with a digital weight scale at the indicated ages. Lean mass and fat mass were measured with dual X-ray absorptiometry (iNSiGHT VET DXA; OsteoSys, Seoul, Korea). Energy expenditure was measured with a comprehensive laboratory animal monitoring system (Columbia Instrument). For the glucose tolerance test, d-glucose (1 g/kg, Sigma) was administrated via an oral route under overnight fasting conditions. For the insulin tolerance test, insulin (Humulin-R^® 0.25 U/kg, Eli Lilly) was injected into the peritoneum in overnight fasted mice. Blood samples were obtained from the tail vein at the indicated time points after injections for glucose measurements using a glucometer (ACCU-CHEK^®, Aviva Plus System).