Hg 15d homogenizer

Corn oil in water emulsion was premixed at 13,500 rpm with a digital high-speed homogenizer for 2 min (HG-15D Homogenizer, Daihan Scientific C., Gangwon-Do, South Korea) to reach a droplet size distribution of 5.3 ± 0.6 μm. Then, the preparation of corn oil in water nanoemulsion was performed on the pre-homogenized solution using a Sonics VCX750 ultrasonic processor with 750-Watt nominal power and a frequency of 20 kHz equipped with a 25 mm sonotrode tip (80% amplitude for 20 min; Sonics and Materials, Newtown, USA). which resulted in a droplet size distribution range of 25–190 nm, where 90% of that distribution was on average 58 ± 11 nm. The procedure stated was conducted according to the findings of [14 (link)]. The oil in water emulsion formulation was 15% corn oil (purchased from the Egyptian market), 5.6% Tween 80 (Sigma Aldrich, Darmstadt, Germany), and 79.4% distilled water. A Zetasizer Nano ZS (Malvern Instruments, United Kingdom) was used to track the size of the produced nanoemulsion liquid suspension measured weekly at 25 °C.

Edible oils in water were premixed at 13,500 rpm for 2 min with a digital high-speed homogenizer (HG-15D Homogenizer, Daihan Scientific C., Gangwon-Do, South Korea) to achieve a droplet size distribution of 6.1 ± 0.4 μm. Then, using the pre-homogenized solution, oil-in-water nanoemulsion was prepared by using a Sonics VCX750 ultrasonic processor of 750-Watt nominal power and frequency of 20 kHz, equipped with a 25 mm sonotrode tip (80% amplitude for 20 min; Sonics and Materials, Newtown, CT, USA) [16 (link)]. The oil-in-water emulsion consisted of 15% of edible oil (olive oil, corn oil, and linseed oil bought from Egyptian markets), 5.6% Tween 80 (Sigma Aldrich, Darmstadt, Germany), and 79.4% distilled water. Before each in vitro trial, collected samples of nanoemulsions were screened for droplet size and zeta potential; initially, samples were added to 3520C-MB SPI supplies carbon-coated 200 mesh copper grids with an additional staining agent, phosphotungstic acid of 1% concentration, and then screened with JEOL JEM-2100 high-resolution and analytical electron microscope equipped with STEM unit (bright- and dark-field detectors) and EDXS detector. Later, a Zetasizer Nano ZS was used to measure the nanoemulsion droplet size and zeta potential at 25 °C (Malvern Instruments, Malvern, United Kingdom).