Xylitol

Manufactured by Merck Group

Sourced in United States, Germany, Canada, Belgium, United Kingdom

Xylitol is a type of lab equipment produced by Merck Group. It is a sugar alcohol that can be used in various laboratory applications. The core function of Xylitol is to serve as a sweetener and humectant in experimental and research settings.

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Lab products found in correlation

Glycerol, by Merck Group (13 mentions) Fructose, by Merck Group (11 mentions) Mannitol, by Merck Group (10 mentions) Sorbitol, by Merck Group (10 mentions) Maltose, by Merck Group (10 mentions) Sucrose, by Merck Group (10 mentions) Maltitol, by Merck Group (6 mentions) D sorbitol, by Merck Group (6 mentions) Choline chloride, by Merck Group (6 mentions) Chloroform, by Merck Group (5 mentions) Galactose, by Merck Group (5 mentions) Erythritol, by Merck Group (5 mentions) D xylose, by Merck Group (5 mentions) Methanol, by Merck Group (4 mentions) Acetonitrile, by Merck Group (4 mentions) Trehalose, by Merck Group (4 mentions) D glucose, by Merck Group (4 mentions) Aspartame, by Merck Group (3 mentions) Citric acid, by Merck Group (3 mentions) Gallic acid, by Merck Group (3 mentions)

77 protocols using xylitol

Xylitol Crystal Characterization and Preparation

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xylitol (C5H12O5, CAS number 87-99-0) of 99% purity from Sigma Aldrich was used. Karl Fischer titration measurements were performed to ensure negligible water content. Moisture sorption isotherms showed that at room temperature and relative humidities below 75%, the mass variation was lower than 0.1%. It can be stated that moisture was not adsorbed during the preparation of samples. Two crystalline forms of xylitol were reported in the early literature: a metastable, hygroscopic monoclinic form melting at 61ºC and a stable orthorhombic form melting at 94ºC [19] .
xylitol seeds with a diameter range between 315 and 400 μm were obtained from the xylitol chunks by sieving as directly received by Sigma Aldrich. The crystal form of the seeds according to DSC and XRPD experiments was orthorhombic.

Delgado M., Navarro M., Lázaro A., Laure P., & Peuvrel‐Disdier E. (2021). Triggering and acceleration of xylitol crystallization by seeding and shearing: Rheo-optical and rheological investigation. Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, 220, 110840-110840.

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Aloe Vera Powder Formulation Development

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Aloe vera powder was provided from Barij Essence Pharmaceutical Company (Isfahan, Iran). Gum bases of elvasti, 487, stick, fruit C were provided from Gilan Ghoot Company (Rasht, Iran). Flavors of eucalyptus, peppermint, banana, cola and cinnamon were provided by Goltash Company (Isfahan, Iran) and cherry flavor from Farabi Pharmaceutical Company (Isfahan, Iran). Glycerin, aspartame, maltitol, xylitol, anthrone reagent, sulfuric acid, chloroform, Folin–Ciocalteu's phenol reagent, gallic acid and sodium carbonate were purchased from Merck Company (Germany).

Aslani A., Ghannadi A, & Raddanipour R. (2015). Design, formulation and evaluation of Aloe vera chewing gum. Advanced Biomedical Research, 4, 175.

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Formulation and Evaluation of SC-Loaded Cyclodextrin Complexes

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SC was obtained from EIPICO pharmaceutical company (Cairo, Egypt) as a gift, whereas β-cyclodextrins (β-CD) was kindly supplied by Nihon Shukohin Kako Co., Ltd. (Tokyo, Japan). Emcosoy was a gift from RS PHARMA GmbH & Co. KG (Rosenberg, Germany). Explotab and PVP K30 were purchased from Fluka Chemical Company (Buchs, Switzerland). Mannitol, citric acid, and xylitol were purchased from (Merck, Darmstadt, Germany). Other chemicals and reagents were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St Louis, MO, USA).

Hosny K.M., Mosli H.A, & Hassan A.H. (2015). Soy polysaccharide as a novel superdisintegrant in sildenafil citrate sublingual tablets: preparation, characterization, and in vivo evaluation. Drug Design, Development and Therapy, 9, 465-472.

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Standardized Ginger-Based Chewing Gum Preparation

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Ginger (rhizomes of Zingiber officinale Roscoe) was prepared from Gol daru Pharmaceutical Company (Isfahan, Iran) in 2011 and it was authenticated by Department of Pharmacognosy, Isfahan, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences.
Gum bases such as stick, fruit C, 487 and elvasti were prepared from Gilan Ghoot Company (Rasht, Iran), flavorants including lemon powder, cinnamon, eucalyptus were gifted from Goltash Company (Isfahan, Iran).
Xylitol, maltitol, aspartame, glycerol, chloroform, acetone, sodium carbonate, and methanol were prepared from Merck Company (Germany). Folin–Ciocalteu’s reagent was purchased from Merck Company. Absolute ethanol was prepared from Merck Company (Germany).

Aslani A., Ghannadi A, & Rostami F. (2016). Design, formulation, and evaluation of ginger medicated chewing gum. Advanced Biomedical Research, 5, 130.

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Clotrimazole-Infused Chewable Gum Formulation

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Clotrimazole was purchased from Tehran-Daru Pharmaceutical Company (Tehran, Iran). Gum bases such as Elvasti, Fruit C, 487 and Stick were obtained from Gilan Ghoot Company (Rasht, Iran). Flavoring agents such as eucalyptus, menthol, cinnamon, and banana were from Goltash Company (Isfahan, Iran) and flavoring agents of cherry and tutti-frutti were provided from Farabi Pharmaceutical Company (Isfahan, Iran). Materials such as maltitol, xylitol, mannitol, glycerol, aluminum chloride, potassium acetate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, sodium hydroxide, ethanol, chloroform, and polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG 400) were prepared from Merck Company.

Aslani A, & Esfahani S.K. (2021). Design, Formulation and Physicochemical Evaluation of Clotrimazole Chewing GumDesign, Formulation and Physicochemical Evaluation of Clotrimazole Chewing Gum. Galen Medical Journal, 10, e1084.

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GC-MS Analysis of Metabolite Standards

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A pure standard solution of n‐alkanes (from n‐C7 to n‐C30) for linear retention indices (I^T) calibration and system quality control was from Merck (Milan, Italy) and prepared in toluene at the concentration of 100 mg L⁻¹.
The internal standard (IS) 1,4-dibromobenzene (from Merck, Milan, Italy) solution was prepared in toluene at a concentration of 10 g L⁻¹.
Pure reference standards used for identity confirmation of pyruvic acid, lactic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, malic acid, 2-ketoglutaric acid, 3-hydroxybutyric acid, fumaric acid, 2-keto-3-metilvaleric acid, aspartic acid, hipp uric acid, citric acid, uric acid, l-alanine, l-valine, l-leucine, l-proline, glycine, l-threonine, l-tyrosine, l-phenylalanine, l-isoleucine, l-methionine, l-cysteine, l-ornithine, l-tryptophan, xylitol, ribitol, fructose, galactose, glucose, mannitol, myo-inositol, glycerol, palmitic acid, stearic acid, and creatinine were from Merck (Milan, Italy).
Derivatizing agents O-methyl hydroxylamine hydrochloride (MOX), N,O-bis(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide (BSTFA), and LC-grade pyridine, n-hexane, dichloromethane, and toluene used as solvents were all from Merck (Milan, Italy).

Squara S., Manig F., Henle T., Hellwig M., Caratti A., Bicchi C., Reichenbach S.E., Tao Q., Collino M, & Cordero C. (2023). Extending the breadth of saliva metabolome fingerprinting by smart template strategies and effective pattern realignment on comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatographic data. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, 415(13), 2493-2509.

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Silylation of Carbohydrates and Inositols

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For this study, yo-inositol (≥99%), scyllo-inositol (≥98%), D-(-)-sorbitol (≥99%), D-(+)-sucrose (≥99.5%), D-(+)-lactose (≥99.5%), D-(+)-maltose (≥99%), isomaltose (≥98%) xylitol (≥99%), and ethanol (≥99.8%) were purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). The silylating reagents including a mixture of hexamethyldisilazane (HMDS)/chlorotrimethylsilane (TMCS)/pyridine (2:1:10, v/v/v) and a mixture of N,O-Bis(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide (BSTFA) with 10% (TMCS) trimethylchlorosilane and pyridine (≥99.8%) were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (Milan, Italy).

Paolini M., Perini M., Allari L., Tonidandel L., Finato F., Guardini K, & Larcher R. (2023). Myo-Inositol, Scyllo-Inositol, and Other Minor Carbohydrates as Authenticity Markers for the Control of Italian Bulk, Concentrate, and Rectified Grape Must. Molecules, 28(8), 3609.

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Characterization of Chewing Gum Formulations

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Gum bases such as elvasti, fruit C, 487 and stick were obtained from Gilan Ghoot Company, (Rasht, Iran). Flavoring agents of eucalyptus, cinnamon, peppermint and banana were from Goltash Company, (Isfahan, Iran) and flavoring agent of cherry from Farabi Pharmaceutical Company (Isfahan, Iran). Dried green tea leaves, which were the product of April 2011, received from Noor Jafari Company (Lahijan, Iran).
Materials such as maltitol, xylitol, aspartame, glycerol, aluminum chloride, potassium acetate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, sodium hydroxide, glacial acetic acid, magnesium oxide, methanol, chloroform and perchloric acid prepared from Merck Company (Germany). Dimethylamino cinnamaldehyde and Quercetin from Sigma-Aldrich Company (America) were prepared.

Aslani A., Ghannadi A, & Khalafi Z. (2014). Design, formulation and evaluation of green tea chewing gum. Advanced Biomedical Research, 3, 142.

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Adenoviral Vector Preparation Protocol

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D-mannitol, xylitol and dextran (M_r 40,000 Da) were all sourced from Millipore-Sigma (ON, Canada) as USP grades. High molecular weight dextran (M_r 500,000 Da) was purchased from ThermoFisher Scientific (Waltham, MA, USA). Milli-Q® water was purified with a Barnstead GenPure Pro system from ThermoFisher Scientific (Waltham, MA, USA) using a resistivity of 18.2 MΩ cm. A-549 epithelial lung tumor cells were used for all cell culturing experiments and were grown in a culture media described in a Life Technologies protocol from Invitrogen (ON, Canada) which consisted of α-minimum essential media (α-MEM) mixed with 1% streptomycin/penicillin and 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS). A recombinant human serotype 5 adenovirus expressing Green Fluorescent Protein (AdHu5) was prepared in the McMaster University Immunology Research Centre vector facility and was modified to be replication deficient. Upon purification, the adenoviral vector stock was stored in a 5% trehalose storage buffer at -80°C and had a titre of

4.4 \times 10^{8} pfu / mL

[15 ].

Manser M., Morgan B.A., Feng X., Rhem R.G., Dolovich M.B., Xing Z., Cranston E.D, & Thompson M.R. (2022). Dextran Mass Ratio Controls Particle Drying Dynamics in a Thermally Stable Dry Powder Vaccine for Pulmonary Delivery. Pharmaceutical Research, 39(9), 2315-2328.

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Adenovirus-mediated Gene Delivery Protocol

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Excipients chosen for the study included anhydrous lactose, D-mannitol, D-(+)-trehalose dihydrate, dextran (M r 40,000 kDa), and xylitol, all purchased as USP grades from Millipore-Sigma (Ontario, Canada). Cell media was prepared in-house using Life Technologies protocol from α-minimum essential medium (α-MEM) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum and 1% streptomycin/penicillin (Invitrogen, Ontario, Canada). A recombinant replication deficient human serotype 5 adenovirus expressing green fluorescent protein (AdHu5GFP) was produced in-house at the vector facility of the McMaster University Immunology Research Center as described previously (Roediger et al., 2008; (link)Wang et al., 2004) (link).

Morgan B.A., Xing Z., Cranston E.D, & Thompson M.R. (2019). Acoustic levitation as a screening method for excipient selection in the development of dry powder vaccines. International journal of pharmaceutics, 563.

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