The isoflavone contents in the fermented product extract were determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) using daidzin, daidzein, genistin, and genistein (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) as the standards for quantification. The HPLC system was equipped with a UV-VIS detector (Hitachi Chromaster 5420 UV-VIS detector, Hitachi, Tokyo, Japan) and Mightysil RP-18 column (5 μm, 250 mm × 4.6 mm, Kanto Chemical Co., Tokyo, Japan), and the conditions of HPLC followed the method of Yu and Yang (2019) with 0.1% (v/v) trifluoroacetic acid (solvent A) and acetonitrile (solvent B) as the mobile phase set at 0.8 mL/min of flow rate [33 (link)]. The gradients were set as solvent A: 90% at 0 to 10 min, 90% to 45% at 10 to 35 min, 45% to 90% at 35 to 45 min, and 90% at 45 to 60 min.
Genistin
Manufactured by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Germany
Genistin is a laboratory equipment product manufactured by Merck Group. It is a chemical compound that serves as a key component in various analytical and experimental procedures within research and development settings. The core function of Genistin is to facilitate specific chemical reactions and analyses, but a detailed description of its intended use or applications would require further information that is not available in this context.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Daidzin, by Merck Group (39 mentions)
Genistein, by Merck Group (39 mentions)
Daidzein, by Merck Group (38 mentions)
Glycitin, by Merck Group (13 mentions)
Glycitein, by Merck Group (9 mentions)
Quercetin, by Merck Group (8 mentions)
Rutin, by Merck Group (7 mentions)
Kaempferol, by Merck Group (6 mentions)
Naringin, by Merck Group (6 mentions)
2 2 diphenyl 1 picrylhydrazyl (dpph), by Merck Group (6 mentions)
Methanol, by Merck Group (6 mentions)
Acetonitrile, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (6 mentions)
Gallic acid, by Merck Group (5 mentions)
Sodium carbonate, by Merck Group (5 mentions)
Apigenin, by Merck Group (5 mentions)
Catechin, by Merck Group (5 mentions)
Glycitin, by Extrasynthese (4 mentions)
Resveratrol, by Merck Group (4 mentions)
Formononetin, by Merck Group (4 mentions)
Hesperidin, by Merck Group (4 mentions)
54 protocols using genistin
1
Isoflavone Content Quantification by HPLC
2
Isoflavonoid Inhibition Assay Protocol
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Glycitein (≥95%; CAS 40957-83-3), prunetin (≥95%; CAS 552-59-0), biochanin A (≥99%; CAS 491-80-5), formononetin (≥99%; CAS 485-72-3), and glycitin (≥95%; CAS 40246-10-4) were from Extrasynthese (Lyon, France). Daidzien (≥98%; CAS 486-66-8), genistein (≥98%, CAS 446-72-0), daidzin (≥95%; CAS 552-66-9), and genistin (≥95%; CAS 529-59-9) were from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Calycosin (99%; CAS 25389-94-0) was from Phytolab (Vestenbergsgreuth, Germany), and S-equol (97%; CAS 531-95-3) was from Toronto Research Chemicals (Toronto, Canada). The FLuc positive control was resveratrol (>99%; CAS 501-36-0; Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA), and the RLuc positive control was H-89 (99.34%; CAS 130964-39-5; MedChemExpress, Monmouth Junction, NJ, USA). The isoflavonoids were dissolved in cell-grade dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO; 99.9%; CAS 67-68-5; Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) and serially diluted to prepare 100× stock solutions. All of the isoflavonoids were screened in the in vitro FLuc and RLuc inhibition assays at 1, 10, and 100 µM final concentrations. Dose–response curves were generated for the active isoflavonoids and for the positive controls to determine the IC50 values.
3
Analytical Standards for Chromatographic Analysis
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Ultra-pure water (18 mΩ) was obtained from a Milli-Q water purification system (Millipore Co., Ltd., Milford, MA, USA). High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-grade methanol, acetic acid, and 56 analytical standards, including catechinic, scopolin, chlorogenic acid, epicatechinic, vanillic acid, caffeic acid, purerarin, syringic acid, daidzin, glycitin, scopoletin, eriocitrin, umbelliferone, p-coumaric acid, dihydroquercetin, sinapic acid, genistin, liquiritin, ferulic acid, salicylic acid, rutin, isoferulic acid, m-coumaric acid, naringin, hesperidin, resveratrol, xanthotoxol, silydianin, sinapyl alcohol, o-coumaric acid, liquiritigenin, kaempferol, 2’-hydroxygenistein, eriodictyol, daidzein, psoralen, glycitein, quercetin, didymin, bergaptol, naringenin, luteolin, cinnamic_acid, hesperetin, genistein, bergapten, diosmetin, isoliquiritigenin, coumestrol, sinensetin, formononetin, medicarpin, imperatorin, biochanin A, tangeretin, and rotenone (displayed in Table S2 ), were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Co., Ltd. The stock solutions of these authentic standards were 10.0 mg of each standard dissolved in 10 mL methanol. Then, the stock solutions were diluted to various concentrations before analysis. All stock solutions were sealed with Parafilm® and stored in a −20 °C freezer.
4
Soybean, Artemisiae and Mori Fermentation
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The reference standards of daidzin, glycitin, genistin, daidzein, glycitein and genistein were all purchased from Sigma−Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA)
Liquid chromatography (LC)/MS−grade acetonitrile, formic acid, methanol, and water were purchased from Merck Co. (Darmstadt, Germany).
Soybean, Artemisiae annuae herba and Mori folium used in the fermentation were purchased from YiFeng TCM shop (Nanjing, China) and authenticated by Associate Professor Jianwei Chen (Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China).
Liquid chromatography (LC)/MS−grade acetonitrile, formic acid, methanol, and water were purchased from Merck Co. (Darmstadt, Germany).
Soybean, Artemisiae annuae herba and Mori folium used in the fermentation were purchased from YiFeng TCM shop (Nanjing, China) and authenticated by Associate Professor Jianwei Chen (Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China).
5
Genistein and Genistin Quantification
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Genistein,
genistin, and β-glucuronidase (EC3.2.1.31, type H-1, 330 000
units/g solid also containing sulfatase activity) from Helix pomatia and ornidazole as internal standards
were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). The solvents and
reagents for chromatography were purchased from Spectrum (NJ) and
Macron (Hamilton, PA). The standard solutions of Genistein and genistin
were stored in methanol at −20 °C. Triple deionized water
from Millipore (Bedford, MA) was used for all preparations.
genistin, and β-glucuronidase (EC3.2.1.31, type H-1, 330 000
units/g solid also containing sulfatase activity) from Helix pomatia and ornidazole as internal standards
were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). The solvents and
reagents for chromatography were purchased from Spectrum (NJ) and
Macron (Hamilton, PA). The standard solutions of Genistein and genistin
were stored in methanol at −20 °C. Triple deionized water
from Millipore (Bedford, MA) was used for all preparations.
6
Chitosan-Based Insulin Delivery System
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Chitosan (Average Mw=380 kDa, deacetylation degree = 90.2%) was purchased from Shandong Aokang Biotechnology co. LTD. Potassium persulfate and dicyandiamide were purchased from MACKLIN. DCDA-CS was made from chemical constituents in our own laboratory. Hyaluronic acid (HA, 10kDa) was purchased from Meilun Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (China). Porcine insulin was purchased from Wanbang Bio-Chemical Co., Ltd. (Jiangsu, China). Octaarginine (r8) was chemically synthesized by Jill Biochemical. FITC-Insulin was synthesized by Beijing Hongyu Co., Ltd. (China). Tetramethyl rhodamine isothiocyanate (TRITC) was purchased from Beijing Brinway Technology Co., Ltd. (China). 3- (4, 5-dimethyl-2-thiazolium) −2, 5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT), Hoechst 33,342, trypsin, and pepsin were purchased from Beijing Solarbio Science and Technology Co., Ltd. (China). Genistin, chlorpromazine, and amiloride were all purchased from Sigma–Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Streptozotocin purchased was from G-clone Beijing Biotechnology Technology Co., Ltd., ABT650 (China). The Porcine INS ELISA kit was purchased from Nanjing Jiancheng Bioengineering Institute (China). Caco-2 cells were purchased from Shanghai Gefan Biotechnology. C0., Ltd. (China). All other chemical reagents in the study and those used to create in house reagents were confirmed as analytical grade.
7
Soybean Bioactive Compound Analysis
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2,4,6-Tris(2-pyridyl)-S-triazine (TPTZ), Folin–Ciocalteu reagent, gallic acid, 2,2-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid)diammonium salt (ABTS), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), daidzin, genistin, daidzein and genistein, p-nitrophenol, p-nitrophenyl-β-d -glucoside (pNPβG) were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich Chemical Co. (St. Louis, MO, USA). Acetonitrile was HPLC grade and purchased from Tedia (Fairfield, OH, USA). All other used reagents and chemicals in this study were of analytical grade. Soybeans (Glycine max L.) were obtained from the Dongzhiyuan supermarket (Changsha, Hunan Province, China). Eurotium cristatum YL-1, which was firstly isolated from Fuzhuan brick-tea (Anhua, Hunan, China) in our group, was stored on M40Y agar slant and subculture monthly. E. cristatum slants were incubated for 7 days at 28 °C and preserved at 4 °C subsequently.
8
Quantification of Soy Isoflavones in Soymilk
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The soy isoflavone contents in the soymilk were determined according to our previous work (Tang et al., 2018 ). The ethanol extracts of soymilk and fermented soymilk were redissolved in 80% methanol. The samples were filtered through a 0.22 μm‐pore‐size polyvinylidene fluoride filter (PVDF) (Teknokroma, Barcelona, Spain) prior to analyzed by HPLC. The analytical HPLC was consisted with Waters 2,695 Alliance, a Waters 2,998 PDA detector, and C18 column (Optimapak, 4.5 × 250 mm, 5 μm). The autoinjector was used to inject 20 μl of the samples, and isoflavone was detected by monitoring the elution at 260 nm. The identification of isoflavones was calculated from retention time, and PDA spectrums were compared with those of the standards (genistein, genistin, daidzin, and daidzein, purchased from Sigma‐Aldrich chemical company). The mobile phase was composed of 0.1% acetic acid in distilled water (solution A) and acetonitrile (solution B), and the solvent flow rate was maintained at 1 ml/min. The gradient conditions were as follows: 0–28 min, 85% A, 1.0 ml/min; 28–42 min, 65% A, 1.0 ml/min; 42–47 min, 55% A, 1.0 ml/min; and 47– 59 min, 85% A, 1.0 ml/min.
9
Volatile Flavor and Isoflavone Analysis of Black Soybean Milk
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Black soybeans were purchased from NongHyup (Yeoryang, South Korea) and stored at 5 ℃ before the preparation of soybean milk. For the analysis of volatile flavor compounds, C7 − C40n-alkane standard and a 50/30 μm divinylbenzene/Carboxen/Polydimethylsiloxane (DVB/CAR/PDMS) solid-phase microextraction (SPME) fiber were purchased from Supelco (Bellefonte, PA, USA). Butyrophenone was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Chemical Co. (St. Louis, MO, USA) as an internal standard. For the analysis of isoflavones, daidzein, genestein, glycitein, daidzin, and genistin (Sigma-Aldrich Chemical Co.) were used as standards. HPLC-grade water, acetonitrile, acetic acid, and methanol were purchased from J.T. Baker (Philipsburg, NJ, USA). All chemicals and reagents used in the study were of analytical grade.
10
Quantitative Analysis of Anthocyanins and Isoflavones
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All the chemicals and reagents used in the present study were of analytical grade (purity > 98.9%). Anthocyanin reference standards including cyanidin-3-O-glucoside, cyanidin-3-O-galactoside, peonidin-3-O-glucoside, and malvidin-3-O-glucoside were purchased from PhytoLab (Bavaria, Germany). Isoflavone standards including malonyldaidzin, malonylgenistin acetylgenistin, acetylglycitin, and acetyldaidzin were purchased from Synthose (Ontario, Canada) while malonylglycitin was purchased from Fujifilm (Osaka, Japan). HPLC-grade solvents including water and methanol were purchased from Thermo Fisher (Swedesboro, NJ, USA). Acetonitrile and acetic acid were purchased from Honeywell (Charlotte, NC, USA) and Merck (Darmstadt, Germany), respectively. The remaining reference standards and reagents including delphinidin-3-O-glucoside, petunidin-3-O-glucoside, daidzein, daidzin, genistein, genistin, glycitein, glycitin, hydrochloric acid (HCl), acetone, ethanol, formic acid, gallic acid, Folin-Ciocalteu phenol reagent, L-ascorbic acid, sodium carbonate, potassium ferricyanide, trichloroacetic acid, ferric chloride, diammonium salt of 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH∙), and 6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchromane-2-carboxylic acid (Trolox) were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (St.Louis, MO, USA).
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