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154 protocols using nano3

1

Graphite-based Nanocomposite Synthesis

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Graphite powder (<50
μm), NaNO3, H2SO4 (98%), KMnO4, HCl (37%), H2O2 (30%), 3,5-diaminobenzoic
acid (DABA), AlCl3, Pb(CH3COO)2,
NH4OH, ethanol, methanol, and acetone were purchased from
Sigma-Aldrich.
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2

Synthesis of Layered Lithium-ion Battery Cathodes

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The compounds were synthesized by NSP (see Figure S9 and details in the Supporting Information). First, nitrate salts of the respective metals (LiNO3, Co(NO3)2·6H2O, Ni(NO3)2·6H2O, Mn(NO3)2·4H2O, Zn(NO3)2·6H2O, Fe(NO)3·9H2O, Al(NO3)3·6H2O, NaNO3; from Sigma-Aldrich) were dissolved in 200 mL of H2O to form a 0.1 M solution. 10 wt% excess LiNO3 was used to compensate for the Li (or Li2O) evaporation during heating. The resultant clear solution was sprayed as a mist and transported by means of a carrier gas into the hot zone of a tubular furnace (800 °C). The as-made powder was quenched and collected. After the NSP synthesis process, all collected powder was further calcined at 900 °C for 12 h using a heating rate of 5 °C/min and then cooled down. Li(Ni0.47Co0.2Mn0.18Mg0.04Al0.04Cr0.02Ti0.02V0.015Cu0.015)O2 and Li(Ni0.46Co0.2Mn0.2Mg0.04Al0.04Cr0.015Ti0.015Zr0.015Cu0.015)O2 were prepared by solid-state synthesis. Stoichiometric amounts of LiNO3, NiO, Co3O4, MnO, MgO, Cr(NO3)3·9H2O, Al2O3, V2O5, CuO, TiO2 and ZrC20H28O8 were thoroughly mixed by ball milling (300 rpm) for 10 h with ethanol. After drying, the mixed precursors were annealed at 900 °C for 12 h.
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3

Synthesis and Characterization of Polymer Materials

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High-molecular-weight poly(vinyl
chloride) (PVC), tris(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate (TOP), tridodecylmethyammonium
chloride (TDMACl), anhydrous tetrahydrofuran (THF), NaNO2, NaCl, NaBr, NaNO3, CH3CO2Na, NaClO4, NaSCN, NaHCO3, Na2SO4,
sodium benzoate (NaBenz), ibuprofen sodium salt (NaIB), ketoprofen
sodium (NaKF) and ketoprofen lysine (Lys-KF) salts, and naproxen sodium
salt (NaNS) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Ultrapure water was
used for aqueous solution preparation. All of the other chemicals
were of analytical grade and used without further purification.
All reactions were performed in oven-dried glassware under a slight
positive pressure of nitrogen. 1H NMR (600 and 300 MHz)
and 13C NMR (151 and 75 MHz) spectra were determined on
a 600 MHz Bruker and on a 300 MHz Bruker. Chemical shifts for 1H NMR were reported in parts per million (ppm), calibrated
to the residual solvent peak set, with coupling constants reported
in Hertz (Hz). The following abbreviations were used for spin multiplicity:
s, singlet; d, doublet; t, triplet; q, quadruplet; m, multiplet. Chemical
shifts for 13C NMR spectra were reported in ppm, relative
to the central line of a septet at δ = 39.52 ppm for DMSO-d6. All solvents and starting materials were
purchased from commercial sources when available (Merck Europe, Fluorochem
U.K.).
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4

Inorganic Salt Droplet Interference Dynamics

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In the present work, we have performed experiments with six inorganic sodium salts (Na2HPO4, Na2SO4, Na2CO3, NaCl, NaNO3, and NaI), purchased from Sigma Aldrich and used without any further purification. The Fresnel reflections generated from the top and bottom surfaces form a Newton's ring interference pattern. The intensity of the interference pattern was recorded using a CCD camera for subsequent analysis. As the droplet is continuously evaporating, the droplet's moving surface, of height (d) leads to a dynamic optical path and consequently a varying phase difference between the interfering beams, which is given by: 32
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5

Synthesis of Inorganic Compounds

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The following materials have been used for processing of various samples as received, without further purifications:
Ga2O3 (99.99+%, Sigma-Aldrich), ZnO (99+%, Sigma-Aldrich), Zn (99+%, Sigma-Aldrich), urea (Sigma-Aldrich), NaOH (≥97%, Fisher Scientific), Na2CO3 (≥99.50%, Fisher Scientific), Na3RhCl6 (Sigma-Aldrich), H2PtCl6·6H2O (≥37.50% Pt basis, Sigma-Aldrich), Ni(NO3)2·6H2O (99.999%, Sigma-Aldrich), KMnO4 (99%, EMD Millipore), NaNO2 (≥99%, Sigma-Aldrich), natural graphite flakes (Sigma-Aldrich), H2SO4 (98%, Sigma-Aldrich), NaNO3 (99%, Sigma-Aldrich), and H2O2 (30–32 wt% in water, Sigma-Aldrich).
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6

Analytical Grade Chemical Preparation

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All chemicals used within this study were of analytical grade. All solutions were prepared using high purity deionised water (Milli-Q). Sodium tetraborate and potassium phthalate eluent was prepared using Na This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. 5
using NaNO 3 (Sigma Aldrich), NaNO 2 (Sigma Aldrich), Na 2 CO 3 (Sigma Aldrich), NaCl (Fisher Chemicals), KIO 3 (PanReac AppliChem), Na 2 SO 4 (Sigma Aldrich), KBr (Merck) and NaF (Sigma Aldrich), respectively. Working standards were prepared by diluting the stock solutions.
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7

Preparation and Characterization of Ion Exchange Resin-Based Composite Membranes

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Polyethersulfone (PES) (Sigma Aldrich, St. Louis, MI, USA) was used as a polymer binder and Polyethylene glycol 10,000 (PEG) (Sigma Aldrich) as a pore former. 1-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) (Sigma Aldrich) was employed as a solvent. A strong acidic cation exchange resin (Amberlyst 15) and a strong basic anion exchange resin (Amberlite IRA 900) were purchased from Sigma Aldrich. A microfiltration polyester non-woven fabric was purchased from Hirose Paper Manufacturing Co. Ltd. in Tosa-shi, Japan. The synthetic groundwater solution was prepared by dissolving potassium nitrate (KNO3, Sigma Aldrich), magnesium sulfate (MgSO4, Sigma Aldrich), calcium chloride (CaCl2, Sigma Aldrich), sodium nitrate (NaNO3, Sigma Aldrich), sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3, Sigma Aldrich) and potassium bicarbonate (KHCO3, Sigma Aldrich) in ultrapure water. MERCK Certipur 111,355 ICP multi-element standard solution IV was used to prepare external standards for inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (700 Series ICP-OES, Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, CA, USA). Potassium cell test (K+ cat. No: 1.14562), sulfate cell test (SO42−, cat. No: 1.02537), chloride cell test (Cl, cat No: 114730), total hardness test (cat. No: 1.00961) and nitrate cell test (NO3 cat. No: 1.14773) were purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany).
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8

Screening Fungal Growth Conditions

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The screening was carried out in Petri dishes containing complete solid medium modified from Selig et al. (2008) (link): (total volume of 100 mL of solid medium: 5 mL of salts (0.6 g NaNO3, Sigma S5506; 0.052 g KCl, Sigma 746436; 0.052 g MgSO4, Sigma M7506; 0.152 g KH2PO4, Sigma P9791); 0.1 mL of salt minimal solutions (0.0022 g ZnSO4, Sigma 96495; 0.0011 g H3BO3, Sigma B6768; 0.0005 g MnCl2, Sigma 244589; 0.0005 g FeSO4, Sigma 12353; 0.00016 g CoCl2, Sigma 60818; 0.00016 g CuSO4, Sigma 61230; 0.00011 g Na2MoO4, Sigma 243655; 0.005 g Na2EDTA, Sigma E5134); 0.1 mL of vitamin solution Sigma V1 (0.02 mM nicotinic acid; 0.01 mM pyridoxine-HCl; 0.02 mM thiamine-HCl; 0.02 mM p-aminobenzoic acid; 0.02 mM panthotenate; 0.05 μM folic acid; 0.05 μM riboflavin); 1% glucose, Sigma G8270; 0.5% peptone, Sigma P0556; 0.5% yeast extract, Sigma Y1625; 2.5% agar, Sigma A5306 and distilled water), pH 6.5. Punctual inoculums was carried out at the center of the solid medium (using sticks autoclaved), and the plates with the culture medium were maintained at different temperatures, 30 °C–50 °C, with intervals of 5 °C among them, in a bacteriological incubator. The halo fungi were measured after 24 and 48 h of grown.
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9

Synthesis and Characterization of Graphene Oxide

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Penicillin–streptomycin solution, trypsin-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) solution, Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s Medium (DMEM), and 1% antibiotic-antimycotic solution were obtained from Life Technologies (GIBCO, Grand Island, NY, USA). Fetal bovine serum (FBS), CCK-8, and an in vitro cell-counting assay kit were purchased from Dojindo (ck04; Rockville, MD, USA). Luciferin, AgNO3, and the in vitro toxicology assay kit were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Graphite (Gt) powder, NaOH, KMnO4, NaNO3, anhydrous ethanol, 98% H2SO4, 36% HCl, 30% H2O2 aqueous solution, and all other chemicals were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich unless otherwise stated.
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10

Sodium Alginate and Calcium Chloride Protocol

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High-viscosity sodium alginate was purchased from Louis-François (AlgLF) (Croissy-Beaubourg, Collegien, France), sodium alginate Protanal LF200 (AlgP) was purchased from FMC BioPolymers (Lyon, France) and calcium chloride ≥94% was purchased from VWR (VWR Chemicals®, Briare, France). NaNO3, EDTA and bovine serum albumin were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Saint Quentin Fallavier, France). Finally, PEO24k and Dextran standards were purchased from Viscotek PolyCal Standards (Malvern Panalytical, Palaiseau, France).
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