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8 protocols using mouse c peptide elisa

1

Metabolic Biomarker Analysis in Mice

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Serum insulin (Mouse Insulin ELISA, Mercodia, Uppsala, Sweden), leptin (Mouse Leptin ELISA, Crystal Chem, Downers Grove, USA), C-peptide (Mouse C-peptide ELISA, ALPCO, Salem, USA), chemerin (Mouse Chemerin Quantikine ELISA, R&D Systems, Minneapolis, USA), adiponectin (Mouse Adiponectin ELISA, AdipoGen, San Diego, USA) and MCP-1 (Mouse/rat CCL2/JE/MCP-1 Quantikine ELISA, R&D Systems, Minneapolis, USA) levels were detected by ELISA according to the manufacturer’s protocol. For the analysis of free fatty acids (FFA), total cholesterol and triglycerides serum concentrations in fasting mice, an automatic chemical analyzer was used, provided by the Institute of Laboratory Medicine and Clinical Chemistry, Medical Department, University of Leipzig.
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2

Metabolic Biomarker Assessment in Mice

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Adiponectin (Adiponectin mouse ELISA, Adipogen Life Sciences, Liestal, Switzerland), C-peptide (Mouse c-peptide ELISA, Alpco, Salem, NH), insulin (mouse insulin ELISA, Mercodia AB, Uppsala, Sweden), and leptin (Mouse/Rat Leptin, R&D systems Europe, Ltd., Abingdon, UK) were measured according to manufacturer’s protocol from mouse serum for both groups.
Liver samples were analyzed for glycogen content (Glycogen colorimetric Assay Kit II, Biovision, Inc., Milpitas, CA) and triglycerides (LabAssay™, Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd., Osaka, Japan).
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3

Glucose Homeostasis Evaluation in Mice

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Mice were fasted for 4 h during the light period to ensure a postprandial state for blood sampling. Fasting and glucose-stimulated (2 g/kg) insulin secretion was assessed, as well as blood glucose response to intraperitoneal injection of glucose (2 g/kg) or insulin analogue (0.75 U/kg of Humalog; Eli Lilly, Indianapolis, IN, USA). Plasma insulin was measured with a mouse insulin ELISA (Alpco Diagnostics, Salem, NH, USA) and C-peptide was measured in a subset of 27-week-old mice with a mouse C-peptide ELISA (Alpco Diagnostics). In plasma from 40-week-old mice, we measured total cholesterol (Cholesterol E kit; Wako Chemicals, Richmond, VA, USA), triacylglycerols (Serum Triacylglycerol kit; Sigma-Aldrich, St Louis, MO, USA) and NEFA levels (NEFA-HR(2 (link)) kit; Wako Chemicals), as well as leptin, resistin, interleukin 6, glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), peptide YY and glucagon, using a mouse magnetic bead panel assay utilising Luminex technology (Millipore, St Charles, MO, USA).
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4

Fasted vs. Fed Submandibular Bleeds

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Submandibular bleeds of either overnight-fasted or fed animals were done in the morning or following an oGTT. Insulin was analyzed with mouse insulin ELISA (Mercodia). Proinsulin was analyzed with mouse proinsulin ELISA (Mercodia). C peptide was analyzed with mouse C-peptide ELISA (ALPCO). All ELISAs were performed according to the manufacturer’s instructions.
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5

Quantifying Insulin Production via C-peptide

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In this study C-peptide concentrations as a marker for insulin production, since the half-life of C-peptide is longer than that of insulin. Thereby, by measuring C-peptide we can focus on de novo synthesis of insulin and not just circulating insulin that might also be released/taken up by cells. Peripheral blood samples obtained after each experiment were centrifuged and the retrieved serum samples were stored at −20°C until analyzed. C-peptide concentrations were measured using a commercially available ELISA kit (mouse C-peptide ELISA; Alpco immunoassays, Salem, NH, USA).
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6

Measuring Serum C-Peptide in Rodent Islet Transplants

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A 30-μl blood sample (random C-peptide) was collected via submandibular vein prick for mouse recipients and tail vein prick for rat recipients and assayed for serum human C-peptide using a Stellux Chemiluminescence Human C Peptide ELISA kit (ALPCO, Salem, NH) for mice receiving human islets and with Mouse C Peptide ELISA (ALPCO, Salem, NH) for mice receiving MIN6 clusters and with Rat C Peptide ELISA for rats receiving rat islets. An IPGTT was conducted as follows: Mice or rats were fasted overnight before IPGTT, and then a 30-μl blood sample was collected via submandibular vein prick for mice or tail vein prick for rats just before IPGTT. Mice or rats were then intraperitoneally injected with 2 g per kilogram of glucose. Blood glucose measurements were taken via tail vein at time 0, 10, 20, 30, 45, 60, 90, and 120 min after administration. A 30-μl blood sample was collected at 0 min (before glucose administration) and 30 min after glucose administration via submandibular vein prick (stimulated C-peptide). Blood samples were assayed for C-peptide as described above.
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7

Evaluating Stem Cell Transplant Efficacy

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Animal studies were performed in accordance with Washington University IACUC. Mice were randomly designated for STZ treatment and transplantation groups. Mouse number per group was selected to allow for statistical significance based on our prior studies (15 (link), 17 (link), 18 (link)). Surgical procedures and follow up studies were performed by unblinded individuals. Male 7 wk old NOD.Cg-PrkdcscidIl2rgtm1Wjl/SzJ (NSG) mice were purchased from Jackson Laboratories, rendered diabetic with injection of 45 mg/kg STZ (R&D) for 5 d, with diabetes confirmed after 8 d. Anaesthetized mice were injected with 5x106 WS4unedit stage 6 cells, 5x106 WS4corr stage 6 cells, 5x106 (4000 IEQ) islet cells, or saline under the kidney capsule. Islet transplantation was performed in a separate cohort. Animals were monitored up to 6 months. Blood glucose was measured with a Contour Blood Glucose Monitoring System (Bayer). Glucose tolerance and in vivo GSIS assays were performed by fasting mice for 4 hr and injecting with 2 g/kg glucose. Serum hormones were quantified using Human Ultrasensitive Insulin ELISA kit (ALPCO Diagnostics), Mouse C-peptide ELISA (ALPCO Diagnostics), and human proinsulin ELISA (Mercodia). 12-wk after transplantation, live nephrectomy was performed on 2 anaesthetized transplanted mice.
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8

Insulin Secretion in Fasted Mice

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Fasting insulin levels were measured in animals fasted for 5 h following indicated interventions by blood sampling via tail vein and determined by mouse insulin ELISA (Alpco) following manufacturer’s instructions. C-Peptide levels were determined by mouse c-peptide ELISA (Alpco). Insulin secretion following glucose challenge was determined at 0 and at 15 min following oral gavage of glucose (2 mg/g body weight).
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