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Lysogeny broth

Manufactured by BD
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Lysogeny broth (LB) is a nutrient-rich growth medium commonly used in microbiology and molecular biology laboratories for the cultivation of various bacterial species. It provides essential nutrients, such as amino acids, vitamins, and carbohydrates, to support the growth and proliferation of bacterial cultures.

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37 protocols using lysogeny broth

1

Reagents for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing

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Gentamicin, agarose, chloroform and casamino acids were obtained from Fisher Scientific (Ottawa, ON, Canada). Erythromycin was purchased from Caledon Laboratories LTD (Georgetown, WA, Canada). Phenylalanine-Arginine-β-Naphthylamide, cholesterol and Triton X-100 were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (Oakville, ON, Canada). The compound 2-Nitrophenyl-β-d-galactopyranoside was obtained from Thermo Fisher Scientific (Ottawa, ON, Canada). DPPC (1,2-Dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine) was obtained from Avanti Polar Lipids Inc. (Alabaster, AL, USA). Mueller–Hinton broth (MHB) and Lysogeny broth (LB) and agar were purchased from Becton Dickinson (Francklin Lakes, NJ, USA) and Becton Dickinson Microbiology Systems (Oakville, ON, Canada), respectively. ABt medium and Z buffer were prepared as described previously [47 (link),51 (link)].
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2

Bacterial Growth in Minimal Media

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Overnight cultures were grown in Lysogeny Broth (LB), Becton Dickinson (Franklin Lakes, NJ, USA), diluted in 0.85% saline and introduced into in liquid or into 0.35% Bacto agar with Davis minimal salts [47 ] supplemented with 0.2mg/ml glucose as the sole and limiting carbon source. The liquid cultures were maintained with 10 ml of the medium in 50 ml flasks. For the 3-d colony experiments, 3ml of bacteria suspended in soft agar were put into the wells of 6-well Costar Macrotiter plates, set in a tray with distilled water to reduce the rate of evaporation.
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3

Microfluidic Polymersome Synthesis

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Microfluidic devices were fabricated following procedures outlined by Weitz et al. (Ho et al. 2008 (link)) Briefly, two glass capillaries (O.D. 1 mm) were tapered to diameters of approximately 20 and 200 µm using a Flaming/Browning micropipette puller (Sutter P-97). The tip of the smaller (injection) capillary was coated with n-octadecyltrimethoxysilane (Sigma-Aldrich) while the tip of the larger (collection) capillary was coated with 2-[methoxy(polyethyleneoxy)propyl]trimethoxysilane (Gelest, Inc.). The capillaries were coaxially aligned within a square glass capillary tube (O.D. 1.05 mm) with an intercapillary distance of 100 µm. Three 20-gauge syringe tips were epoxied over the square capillary termini to allow injection of each liquid phase with syringe pumps via polyethylene tubing (O.D. 1.32 mm). For polymersome synthesis, three liquid phases were prepared: An aqueous solution comprised of Lysogeny broth (LB, Becton-Dickson), an organic polymer solution containing 2.5 mg/mL of diblock copolymer poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(D,L-lactic acid) (mPEG-PDLLA, 5000 MW mPEG and 50,000 MW PDLLA, Polyscitech) and 1.0 mg/mL of poly(lactic acid) (PLA, 15,000 MW, Polysciences) dissolved in a 2:1 ratio of toluene : chloroform, and an aqueous solution comprised of 10 wt% poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA, 13,000–23,000 MW, 98% hydrolyzed, Sigma-Aldrich) dissolved by heating in deionized water.
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4

Preparation of GFP-labeled Salmonella Typhimurium

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Green-fluorescent protein (GFP)-labeled S. enterica serovar Typhimurium SL1334 strain (Kroupitski et al., 2009 (link); Gu et al., 2013a (link)) was used throughout the study. Bacterial culture was prepared and stored in Lysogeny broth (LB; Becton Dickinson, United States) supplemented with glycerol at −70°C, as described (Kroupitski et al., 2009 (link)). For each experiment, fresh culture was prepared by plating the bacteria on a new LB plate supplemented with 100mg/ml streptomycin and 10mg/ml gentamicin for 24h at 37°C. Two to three single colonies were as inoculated into LB broth devoid of NaCl (LBNS) and grown at 37°C with shaking (150rpm) for 18–20h. Cultures were washed twice with sterile saline (0.85% NaCl) by centrifugation at 2,700g for 10min, and the final pellet was resuspended in sterile saline. Bacterial concentration was determined by plating × 10-fold serial dilutions on LB agar supplemented with the two antibiotics.
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5

Characterization of S. aureus Transposon Mutants

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The strains used in this study are shown in Table 1. Bursa aurealis transposon (Tn) insertion mutations encoding functionally non-redundant TCA- and urea cycle enzymes (Figure 1) in USA300-JE2 were obtained from the Nebraska Transposon Mutant Library (NTML, www.beiresources.org) [16 (link)]. Parental strains UAS391, UAS391-EryS (erythromycin resistance cured UAS391), and JE2 are all MRSA belonging to the highly virulent and widespread clonal lineage, USA300. These, as well as Tn insertion mutants, were routinely grown on Brain-Heart infusion (BHI; Becton, Dickinson and Company, Franklin Lakes, NJ, USA) supplemented with 0.1% D(+)-glucose monohydrate (Merck Millipore, Billerica, MA, USA) and BHI Bacto™ agar (Becton, Dickinson and Company, USA) for biofilm, transduction and complementation experiments. Lysogeny broth (LB; Becton, Dickinson and Company, USA) was used for Escherichia coli. For the Tn-carrying S. aureus transductants with the erythromycin resistance marker ermB, 5 or 10 µg/mL erythromycin (Sigma-Aldrich®, Merck KGaA, St. Louis, MO, USA) was supplemented to the growth medium.
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6

Bacterial Strain Identification and Culture

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The strains used in this study are listed in Supplementary Table 1. Salmonella strains were identified by universal primers (F: 5′-GTGGCGGACGGGTGAGTAA-3′, R: 3′-GTGTGACCTTGACTTCGTGCC-5′), serotyped by Salmonella antiserum (Ningbo Tianrun Biological Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Zhejiang, China), and cultured in Lysogeny broth (LB) (Becton, Dickinson and Company, United States) at 37°C shaker or on Salmonella-Shigella (SS) selective agar (Hopebio, China) at 37°C incubator. E. coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae strains were cultured in LB broth at 37°C shaker. S. aureus and E. faecalis were cultured in brain heart infusion (BHI) broth (Becton, Dickinson and Company, United States) at 37°C shaker.
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7

Characterization of Clinical MRSA and Staphylococcus Isolates

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Methicillin-resistant S. aureus strain obtained from ATCC (strain number 33592) was tested. Staphylococcus epidermidis and S. aureus clinical isolates (n = 57) were obtained from the Microbiology Laboratories of University of Padova and University of Urbino and subjected to morphological, biochemical, and molecular typing as described elsewhere (Hall et al., 2013 (link)). The strains were grown in Lysogeny broth (LB) (Becton Dickinson).
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8

Bacterial Growth and Preparation for ITO Slide

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Bacteria were grown in Lysogeny Broth (LB, Becton-Dickenson, Hunt Valley, MD, USA) in shaking liquid culture (200 RPM), to mid-log phase, at 37°C. Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Pa) strain ATCC 31482 and Escherichia coli (Ec) strain ATCC 25922 were used in these studies. The same LB formulation, with the addition of 1.5% (w/v) Bacto agar (Becton-Dickenson), was used for growth on solid media. One microliter of bacterial suspensions in PBS (Pa and Ec at OD600 : 1.7±0.2, 1.0±0.1, 0.1±0.01, and 0.01±0.003), spotted on the conductive side of an ITO slide and the droplet was left to dry under ambient laboratory conditions prior to matrix application.
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9

Antibiotics Purchase and Preparation

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Ampicillin (AMP) and kanamycin (KAN) were purchased from Meiji Seika Pharma (Tokyo, Japan). Cefepime (FEP) was purchased from Bristol-Myers Squibb (New York, NY, USA). Colistin (CST), minocycline (MIN), polymyxin B (PMB), and tetracycline (TET) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Co. (St Louis, MO, USA). AMK and tigecycline (TGC) were purchased from Wako Pure Chemical Industries (Osaka, Japan). Sitafloxacin (STX) was purchased from Cimic CMO (Tokyo, Japan). Cefozopran (ZOP), doxycycline (DOX), and IPM were generously provided by Takeda Pharmaceutical (Osaka, Japan), Pfizer (New York, NY, USA), and Banyu Pharmaceutical (Tokyo, Japan), respectively. CIP, sparfloxacin (SPX), and meropenem (MEM) were generously provided by Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma (Osaka, Japan). Lysogeny broth (LB; Miller), LB ager (Miller), and Muller Hinton Broth II (MHB II) were purchased from Becton Dickinson (Franklin Lakes, NJ, USA). Cation-adjusted MHB II was prepared by adding CaCl2 and MgCl2 (Wako Pure Chemical Industries) at the final concentrations of 50 mg/L Ca2+ and 25 mg/L Mg2+ to autoclaved MHB II. Saline was prepared as 0.9% NaCl (Wako Pure Chemical Industries).
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10

Isolation and Characterization of P. aeruginosa Phages

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The bacterial strains used in this study are listed in Supplementary Table S1. P. aeruginosa strain PaTun is a clinical isolate obtained from the Hospital Hedi Shaker in Sfax, Tunisia, and was used as a host strain for phage isolation. A collection of 140 clinical and environmental P. aeruginosa isolates from the collection of the Queen Astrid Military Hospital (Brussels, Belgium) [30 (link)] was also used (Supplementary Table S1). All strains were grown in Lysogeny Broth (LB, Becton Dickinson, Erembodegem, Belgium) medium at 37 °C aerobically.
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