The HPLC analytical-grade hexane, acetone, acetonitrile, ethyl acetate, methanol and analytical grade 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 6-Hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchromane-2-carboxylic acid (Trolox), hydrochloric acid, citric acid, sodium hydroxide, sodium chloride, aluminum chloride, ethanol, Folin–Ciocâlteu reagent, gallic acid, inulin were purchased by Sigma Aldrich (Darmstadt, Germany). For cromatographic analysis the following reagents were used: HCl ACS reagent (37%), acetic acid, methanol, ethyl acetate, acetonitrile, theaflavin, cafestol, procyanidin A1, procyanidin B1, (−)-epigallocatechin, catechin, caffeine, caffeic acid, ellagic acid, gallic acid, protocatechuic acid, trans-cinnamic acid, quercetin 3-glucoside, quercetin 3-D-galactoside, quercetin 3-β-D-glucoside, naringin, hesperidin, myricetin, apigenin, kaempferol, luteolin, and isorhamnetin (HPLC-grade), purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Darmstadt, Germany). Other reagents such as sodium bicarbonate were purchased from Honeywell, Fluka (Seelze, Germany). The Lo. bifermentans MIUG BL 16 strain was from Microorganism Collection of Dunarea de Jos University (acronym MIUG, Galati, Romania). de Man, Rogosa and Sharpe agar (MRS agar) was purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany).
Quercetin 3 β d glucoside
Manufactured by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Germany, Switzerland, Italy
Quercetin 3-β-D-glucoside is a chemical compound that is a type of flavonoid glycoside. It consists of the flavonoid quercetin bound to a glucose molecule. This compound is commonly found in various plants and is used as a reference standard in analytical procedures.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Gallic acid, by Merck Group (16 mentions)
Quercetin, by Merck Group (15 mentions)
Kaempferol, by Merck Group (12 mentions)
Caffeic acid, by Merck Group (9 mentions)
P coumaric acid, by Merck Group (9 mentions)
Rutin, by Merck Group (9 mentions)
Chlorogenic acid, by Merck Group (9 mentions)
Catechin, by Merck Group (6 mentions)
Methanol, by Merck Group (6 mentions)
Acetonitrile, by Merck Group (6 mentions)
Ferulic acid, by Merck Group (6 mentions)
Epicatechin, by Merck Group (6 mentions)
Syringic acid, by Merck Group (6 mentions)
Luteolin, by Merck Group (5 mentions)
Formic acid, by Merck Group (5 mentions)
2 2 diphenyl 1 picrylhydrazyl (dpph), by Merck Group (5 mentions)
Ethanol, by Merck Group (4 mentions)
Myricetin, by Merck Group (4 mentions)
Procyanidin b1, by Merck Group (4 mentions)
Procyanidin b2, by Merck Group (4 mentions)
24 protocols using quercetin 3 β d glucoside
1
HPLC Analysis of Bioactive Compounds
2
Flavonoid Analysis by HPLC
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HPLC (high-performance liquid chromatography) grade methanol and trifluoroacetic acid were procured from Thermo Fisher Scientific (Waltham, MA, US). Flavonoid standards such as kaempferol, luteolin, quercetin, and quercetin 3-β-d -glucoside were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Ltd. (New Delhi, India) with ≥97.0% purity. Nutrient agar, amoxicillin, potassium acetate, aluminium chloride and other chemicals were obtained from Himedia Laboratories (Mumbai, India).
3
HPLC Analysis of Phenolic Compounds
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A Shimadzu SCL-10Avp system equipped with photodiode array detector (SPD-M10Avp, Shimadzu Co., Kyoto, Japan), a SIL-10AF auto injector and LC-6AD pumps were used to perform the high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis. For the analytical test, diluted AF solution at 1.1% in methanol/water (80/20, v/v) was filtered (Millipore– 0.22 μm) and aliquots of 20 μL were injected into an ODS-A column (4.6 mm x 250 mm, 5 μm) maintained at a constant temperature of 28°C. The mobile phase consisted of water/formic acid (99.9/ 0.1, v/v) (solvent A) and acetonitrile/formic acid (99.9/ 0.1) (solvent B) at a constant flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The gradient started with 5% B and increased to 7% B (7 min), 20% B (50 min), 45% B (70 min), 100% B (85 min), held at 100% B for 10 min, and decreased to 5% in 100 min. The chromatograms were analyzed using Class-VP® software; in addition, authentic standards of phenolic acids (gallic acid, p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid, caffeic acid, syringic acid, sinapic acid, vanillic acid) and flavonoids (quercetin, rutin, quercetin-3-β-D-glucoside, procyanidin B1, procyanidin B2, catechin and epicatechin) (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) were examined [26 (link)].
4
Comprehensive Phytochemical Analysis
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Chemicals and reagents: Chromatography grade methanol and acetonitrile were purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). High liquid chromatography grade formic acid was purchased from Fluka (Buchs, Switzerland). Ultrapure water was prepared using a Milli-Q water purification system (Millipore Corp., Billerica, MA, USA). The following standard compounds were obtained from Aladdin: rutin, kaempferol, quercetin, apigenin, quercetin 3-β-d -glucoside, luteolin, d -phenylalanine, and hydroxysafflor yellow A. Narigenin was obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). kaempferol-3-O-β-rutinoside, kaempferol-3-O-β-d -glucoside, and carthamin were synthesized in our laboratory. All other chemicals were of analytical grade, with purities higher than 98%.
5
Phytochemical Compound Extraction and Quantification
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Folin–Ciocalteau reagent, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,4,6-Tris(2-pyridyl)-1,3,5-triazine (TPTZ), cyanidin-3,5-di-O-glucoside, malvidin-3,5-di-O-glucoside, pelargonidin-3-O-glucoside, delfinidin-3-O-glucoside, cyanidin-3-O-glucoside, malvidin-3-O-glucoside, peonidina-3-O-glucoside, petunidin-3-O-glucoside, kaempferol-3-O-glucoside, rutin, isorhamnetin-3-O-glucoside, myricetin, trans-resveratrol, quercetin-3-β-d-glucoside, gallic acid, caftaric acid, caffeic acid, ferulic acid, chlorogenic acid, p-coumaric acid, (–)-epicatechin, (–)-epicatechin gallate, (–)-epigalatocatechin gallate, (+)-catechin, procyanidin A2, procyanidin B1, and procyanidin B2 compounds were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich® (St. Louis, MO, USA). The solvents (methanol, acetonitrile, and ortho-phosphoric acid) used in the extraction and HPLC procedures were analytical/HPLC grade and purchased from Merck® (São Paulo, Brazil).
6
Polyphenol Extraction and Analysis
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Methanol (≥ 99.9%), formic acid (≥ 98%), sodium carbonate (Na2CO3), sodium hydroxide (NaOH), hydrochloride acid (37%), sodium acetate trihydrate (CH3COONa·3H2O) and trifluoroacetic acid (99%) (Merck, Darmstadt Germany); Gallic acid (≥ 98%), Folin–Ciocalteu phenol reagent, ethanol (≥ 99.8%), pepsin, pancreatin, bile salts, acetonitrile (99.8%) and sodium bicarbonate (Sigma-Aldrich Steinheim Germany), and potassium chloride (KCl) obtained from Riedel–de Haen (Hannover, Germany) were used. Kuromanin chloride (cyanidin 3-O-glucoside, ≥ 96%) were purchased from Extrasynthese (Genay, France) and chlorogenic acid (≥ 98%) from Fluka Chemie (Buchs, Switzerland); quercetin-3-β-d -glucoside (≥ 98%) and callistephin chloride (pelargonidin 3-O-glucoside) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Steinheim, Germany) as HPLC standards.
7
Moringa oleifera Antioxidant Evaluation
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Dried leaves of Moringa oleifera L. were acquired from a herbalist’s shop. On the label, Italian origin (Salento, South Italy) was declared. Gallic acid, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH radical), 2,4,6-tripyridyl-s-triazine (TPTZ), sodium carbonate (Na2CO3), aluminium chloride (AlCl3), iron(III) chloride hexahydrate (FeCl3·6H2O), Folin and Ciocalteu’s phenol reagent, (±)-6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchromane-2-carboxylic acid (Trolox), kaempferol (≥90%), quercetin (≥95%), kaempferol-3-O-glucoside (≥95%), kaempferol-3-O-D-galactoside (≥90%), quercetin-3-D-galactoside (≥97.0%), quercetin-3-O-rhamnoside (≥78%), quercetin-3-β-D-glucoside (≥90%), quercetin 3-O-(6″-O-malonyl)-β-D-glucoside (≥85%) were from Sigma–Aldrich (Milan, Italy). HPLC grade and analytical grade solvents were acquired from VWR (Milan, Italy). Deionized water was obtained using a Milli-Q system (Millipore Corp, Billerica, MA, America).
8
Antioxidant Potential Evaluation
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Acetic acid, sodium acetate, FeCl3·6H2O, HCl, l-ascorbic acid, methanol, ethanol, and potassium persulfate were purchased from Panreac (Barcelona, Spain). 2,4,6-Tripyridyl-s-triazine (TPTZ), Trolox (6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid) and DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) were purchased from Fluka (Steinheim, Germany). ABTS (2,2’-azinobis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) and HPLC standards: (–)-epigallocatechin, (–)-gallocatechin, catechin hydrate, chlorogenic acid, ellagic acid, epicatechin, ferulic acid, gallic acid, isorharmnetin, kaempferol, neochlorogenic acid, p-coumaric acid, procyanidin B2, quercetin, quercetin 3-β-D glucoside, and taxifolin, were obtained from Sigma (Steinheim, Germany).
9
Comprehensive Phytochemical Profiling of Botanical Extracts
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All the reagents and solvents listed below were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Milan, Italy) and were used without any further purification: mangiferin (≥98.0%), sinapic acid (≥98.0%), quinic acid (≥96.0%), 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid (≥95.0%), chlorogenic acid (5 CGA, ≥95.0%), neo-chlorogenic acid (3-CGA, ≥98.0%), cripto-chlorogenic acid (4-CGA, ≥98.0%), quercetin (≥95.0%), quercetin-3β-(D)-glucoside (≥98.0%), trigonelline hydrochloride (≥95.0%), nicotinic acid (≥99.5%), theophylline (≥98.0%), methanol (MeOH, LC-MS grade 99.9%), ethanol (EtOH, LC-MS grade 99.9%), acetonitrile (CH3CN, ACN, LC-MS grade), formic acid (HCOOH, LC-MS grade 98.5%), deuterated methanol (CD3OD, MeOD-d4; 99.8 atom % D). Caffeine (≥98%) was purchased from Extrasynthese (Lione, France). Ultrapure water (18.2 MΩ·cm) was obtained from a Rephile Direct-Pure water purifier.
10
Analytical Protocol for Phenolic Compounds
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All solvents and reagents used for analysis were HPLC- and analytical-grade. Gallic acid (≥98.0%), 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid (≥97.0%), 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (≥99.0%), 2,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid (≥97.0%)), vanillic acid (≥97.0%), caffeic acid (≥98.0%), syringic acid (≥95.0%), p-coumaric acid (≥98.0%), ferulic acid (≥99.0%), sinapinic acid (≥98.0%), rutin (≥95.0%) quercetin 3-β-d -glucoside (≥99.0%), benzoic acid (≥99.5%), kaempferol 3-O-β–rutinoside (≥98.0%), quercetin (≥95.0%), cinnamic acid (≥99.0%), and kaempferol (≥97.0%) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA).
Stock standard solutions were prepared by dissolving approximately 1 mg of each substance in a 1 mL aliquot of methanol (1000 μg/mL). A mixed standard solution containing 10 μg/mL was subsequently prepared in methanol and stored at 4 °C prior to use.
Stock standard solutions were prepared by dissolving approximately 1 mg of each substance in a 1 mL aliquot of methanol (1000 μg/mL). A mixed standard solution containing 10 μg/mL was subsequently prepared in methanol and stored at 4 °C prior to use.
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