All echocardiographic data were collected after induction of general anesthesia, and before sternotomy and institution of cardiopulmonary bypass. A comprehensive two-dimensional TEE examination was performed, followed by a focused 3D-TEE examination. Images were acquired through a mid esophageal four-chamber view using the Philips iE-33 Ultrasound System with an X7–2t TEE probe (Phillips Healthcare, Andover, MA). The 3D-TEE imaging protocol has been described previously [8 (link)]. Briefly, imaging of the MV was initiated in the mid esophageal four-chamber window to include the entire mitral annulus leaflets and the coaptation point in the region of interest. The R-wave gated imaging of the MV was initiated during a brief period of apnea and lack of patient movement. For patients with irregular rhythm, a single-beat, wide-angle mode was used for image acquisition. Acquired images were immediately assessed by the 3D quantification software for quality and lack of imaging artifacts. Satisfactory data were then exported to a USB drive in the digital imaging for communication in medicine (DICOM) format for offline analysis.
X7 2t tee probe
Manufactured by Philips
Sourced in United States
The X7-2t TEE probe is a medical device designed for transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) procedures. It is a component of Philips' diagnostic imaging equipment used to capture high-quality ultrasound images of the heart and related structures. The probe transmits and receives ultrasound waves, enabling the visualization of the cardiac anatomy and function. The X7-2t TEE probe operates within a specific frequency range and is compatible with Philips imaging systems.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
6 protocols using x7 2t tee probe
1
Comprehensive 3D-TEE Imaging of Mitral Valve
2
Transesophageal Echocardiography for Prosthetic Valve Leaks
Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
+ Expand
All of the TEE studies were performed with a commercially available imaging system (Phillips EPIQ, Philips X7-2t TEE probe, Philips Healthcare, Best, The Netherlands), and each of the examinations followed the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging (EACVI)/American Society of Echocardiography (ASE) recommendations [15 (link), 16 (link)]. The TEE examination was focused on PVL quantification, which was based on the most popular semi-quantitative (SQ) grading system in clinical practice according to the Valve Academic Research Consortium II PVL classification in which the sum of the PVL jets circumferences is divided by the valve circumference (%PVL): (1) mild < 10%, (2) moderate 10%–30%, (3) severe > 30% [17 (link), 18 (link)]. All of the TEE images were obtained, stored anonymously, and then analyzed offline by a single observer who was blinded to patients’ clinical characteristics and CMR results.
3
Tricuspid Annulus Evaluation via 3D Echocardiography
Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
+ Expand
Experienced cardiologists or anesthesiologists performed all TEE examinations after induction of general anesthesia and before cardiopulmonary bypass using an iE-33 ultrasound system equipped with an X7-2t TEE probe (Philips Medical Systems). First, 2D standard and magnified color Doppler images of the TV were acquired at an average frame rate of 55 to 60 Hz. The TA diameter was measured at end-systole and end-diastole from 3 different views: a 4-chamber view, RV inflow–outflow view, and transgastric right ventricle inflow view. 3D echo images of the TA were then acquired during brief periods of breath holding without electrical interference or patient movement over 4 to 8 cardiac cycles. Great care was taken to include the entire TA within the 3D volume.
4
Comprehensive Echocardiographic Assessment of Severe Aortic Stenosis
Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
+ Expand
The inclusion criteria included moderate to severe aortic/mitral regurgitation, moderate to severe mitral stenosis, hemodynamic instability, contraindication for TEE probe placement, and patient's refusal.
All patients had TTE done to confirm severe AS before surgery. All of them received standard anesthesia induction protocol, and after intubation Phillips X7-2t TEE probe was inserted. Once HR and invasive blood pressure (IBP) where within 20% of the preoperative values, TEE was performed, and AVA using continuity equation, DI, and AT/ET ratio was noted.
All patients had AVA was calculated via the continuity equation:
AVA (cm2) = (CSALVOT)(VTILVOT)
VTIAVTo determine the CSA of the left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT), the LVOT diameter was obtained using the midesophageal aortic valve long-axis view. LVOT diameters obtained were within 0.5–1.0 cm of the valve orifice at the location of the LVOT. VTI of the LVOT and AVA were measured via pulsed-wave Doppler (PWD) and CWD, respectively, in deep transgastric view.
DI is LVOT VTI divided by AV VTI. The time taken from the onset of ejection to peak ejection velocity was taken as the AT and this divided by the total ET gives AT/ET.
The values were taken by or under supervision of a trained cardiothoracic anesthesiologist. The grading of severity of AS was done usingTable 1 . The highest grading obtained was to be considered.
All patients had TTE done to confirm severe AS before surgery. All of them received standard anesthesia induction protocol, and after intubation Phillips X7-2t TEE probe was inserted. Once HR and invasive blood pressure (IBP) where within 20% of the preoperative values, TEE was performed, and AVA using continuity equation, DI, and AT/ET ratio was noted.
All patients had AVA was calculated via the continuity equation:
AVA (cm2) = (CSALVOT)(VTILVOT)
VTIAVTo determine the CSA of the left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT), the LVOT diameter was obtained using the midesophageal aortic valve long-axis view. LVOT diameters obtained were within 0.5–1.0 cm of the valve orifice at the location of the LVOT. VTI of the LVOT and AVA were measured via pulsed-wave Doppler (PWD) and CWD, respectively, in deep transgastric view.
DI is LVOT VTI divided by AV VTI. The time taken from the onset of ejection to peak ejection velocity was taken as the AT and this divided by the total ET gives AT/ET.
The values were taken by or under supervision of a trained cardiothoracic anesthesiologist. The grading of severity of AS was done using
5
Transesophageal Echocardiography Probe Specifications
Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
+ Expand
TEE guidance was performed using the X7-2t TEE probe (Philips Healthcare) with a shaft diameter of 10 mm and a head diameter of 16 × 12 × 40 mm. The imaging frequency ranges between 2 and 7 MHz.
The micro-TEE probe used was a S8-3t (Philips Healthcare) with a shaft diameter of 5.2 mm and a head diameter of 7.5 × 5.5 × 18.5 mm. The centre frequency is 6 MHz on a bandwidth of 3.2–7.4 MHz. Nijenhuis et al. described other specifications previously [8 (link)]. Both image modalities are presented in Figures1 and 2 .
The micro-TEE probe used was a S8-3t (Philips Healthcare) with a shaft diameter of 5.2 mm and a head diameter of 7.5 × 5.5 × 18.5 mm. The centre frequency is 6 MHz on a bandwidth of 3.2–7.4 MHz. Nijenhuis et al. described other specifications previously [8 (link)]. Both image modalities are presented in Figures
6
Mitral Valve Echocardiographic Assessment
Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
+ Expand
All echocardiographic data were collected after induction of general anesthesia and prior to sternotomy and institution of cardiopulmonary bypass. Images of the MV were acquired through a mid-esophageal four-chamber (ME-4CH) view using Philips Ultrasound System with an X7-2t TEE probe (Phillips Healthcare, Andover MA, USA). R-wave gated imaging of the MV was initiated in the ME-4CH view to include both mitral annular leaflets and the coaptation point at the region of interest. 15 For patients with an irregular rhythm, a single-beat, wideangle mode was used. Satisfactory data were then exported for offline analyses.
About PubCompare
Our mission is to provide scientists with the largest repository of trustworthy protocols and intelligent analytical tools, thereby offering them extensive information to design robust protocols aimed at minimizing the risk of failures.
We believe that the most crucial aspect is to grant scientists access to a wide range of reliable sources and new useful tools that surpass human capabilities.
However, we trust in allowing scientists to determine how to construct their own protocols based on this information, as they are the experts in their field.
Ready to get started?
Sign up for free.
Registration takes 20 seconds.
Available from any computer
No download required
Revolutionizing how scientists
search and build protocols!