Quantitative and qualitative data were determined by GC and GC-MS, respectively. The fraction was injected onto a Shimadzu GC-17 A system, equipped with an AOC-20i autosampler and a split/splitless injector. The column used was an DB-5 (Optima-5), 30 m, 0.25 mm i.d., 0.25 μm df, coated with 5% diphenyl-95% polydimethylsiloxane, operated with the following oven temperature program: 50 °C, held for 1 min, rising at 3 °C/min to 250 °C, held for 5 min, rising at 2 °C/min to 280 °C, held for 3 min; injection temperature and volume, 250 °C and 1.0 μL, respectively; injection mode, split; split ratio, 30:1; carrier gas, nitrogen at 30 cm/s linear velocity and inlet pressure 99.8 KPa; detector temperature, 280 °C; hydrogen, flow rate, 50 mL/min; air flow rate, 400 mL/min; make-up (H2/air), flow rate, 50 mL/min; sampling rate, 40 ms. Data were acquired by means of GC solution software (Shimadzu). Agilent 6890 N GC was interfaced with a VG Analytical 70–250 s double-focusing mass spectrometer. Helium was used as the carrier gas. The MS operating conditions were: ionization voltage 70 eV, ion source 250 °C. The GC was fitted with a 30 m × 0.32 mm fused capillary silica column coated with DB-5. The GC operating parameters were identical with those of GC analysis described above.
Gc solution software
Manufactured by Shimadzu
Sourced in Japan
GC Solution software is a data analysis software for gas chromatography (GC) systems. It provides tools for data acquisition, processing, and reporting of GC analysis results. The software supports a wide range of Shimadzu GC instruments and enables users to control, monitor, and analyze GC data.
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Lab products found in correlation
Gc 2010, by Shimadzu (7 mentions)
Gc 17a system, by Shimadzu (2 mentions)
Aoc 20i autosampler, by Shimadzu (2 mentions)
Agilent 6890n gc, by Agilent Technologies (1 mentions)
Gc ecd, by Shimadzu (1 mentions)
Gc fpd, by Shimadzu (1 mentions)
Gcms qp2010 plus system, by Shimadzu (1 mentions)
Hp 88 column, by Agilent Technologies (1 mentions)
Db 23 column, by Agilent Technologies (1 mentions)
Zebron 5ms, by Phenomenex (1 mentions)
Aoc 5000, by Shimadzu (1 mentions)
Gc 17 v3, by Shimadzu (1 mentions)
Gc 2010 pro, by Shimadzu (1 mentions)
Sp 2560 capillary column, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Zb wax capillary column, by Phenomenex (1 mentions)
Gc 2010 plus gas chromatograph, by Shimadzu (1 mentions)
2010 plus, by Shimadzu (1 mentions)
22 protocols using gc solution software
1
Quantitative and Qualitative GC Analysis
2
Quantitative and Qualitative Analysis of Compounds
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Quantitative and qualitative data were determined by GC and GC–MS, respectively. The fraction was injected onto a Shimadzu GC-17A system (Kyoto, Japan), equipped with an AOC-20i autosampler and a split/splitless injector. The column used was an DB-5 (Optima-5), 30 m, 0.25 mm i.d., 0.25 μm df, coated with 5% diphenyl–95% polydimethylsiloxane. The oven temperature operated was programed as follows: 50 °C, held for 1 min, rising at 3 °C/min to 250 °C, held for 5 min, rising at 2 °C/min to 280 °C, held for 3 min. The injection temperature and volume were 250 °C and 1.0 μL, respectively. Injection mode, split; split ratio was 30:1. Carrier gas was nitrogen set at 30 cm/s linear velocity and inlet pressure of 99.8 kPa. Other operating parameters used included: detector temperature, 280 °C; hydrogen flow rate, 50 mL/min; air flow rate, 400 mL/min; make-up (H2/air), flow rate, 50 mL/min and sampling rate, 40 ms. Data were acquired by means of GC solution software (Shimadzu, Kyoto, Japan). Agilent 6890N GC was interfaced with a VG Analytical 70-250s double-focusing mass spectrometer. Helium was used as the carrier gas. The MS operating conditions were: ionization voltage 70 eV, ion source 250 °C. The GC was fitted with a 30 m × 0.32 mm fused capillary silica column coated with DB-5. The GC operating parameters were identical with those of GC analysis described above.
3
Halogenated Organic Compounds Analysis
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The GC analysis was performed according to Dorosh et al. [22 (link)]. Briefly, the halogenated organic compounds (5 PCB, 7 BFR, and 12 OCP) were analysed using GC-ECD (GC-2010, Shimadzu, Quioto, Japan) and OPP using a GC -FPD (GC-2010, Shimadzu, Quioto, Japan). The presence of contaminants was confirmed by GC/MS. Confirmation was based on a comparison of sample GC retention time and product ion abundance ratios (mass to charge ratio, m/z) against those obtained for a reference standard. The system control and the data acquisition were performed in Shimadzu’s GC Solution software in GC-ECD and GC-FPD and Xcalibur software in GC/MS. The GC analysis was performed in triplicate.
4
Pesticide Residue Analysis by GC-NPD
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Residues were analyzed on Shimadzu GC-2010 equipped with fused silica capillary column, DB-1 (30 mt.×0.25 mm. id) coated with 100% dimethylpolysiloxane (0.25 µm film thickness) using NPD. General operating conditions were as follows; Injector port temperature: 250°C; detector temperature 280°C; carrier gas Nitrogen (N2); flow 1.46 ml min−1; Hydrogen (H2) makeup is 30 ml min−1 and zero air 60 ml min−1, (zero air has less than 0.1 ppm hydrocarbons, to decreases the background noise level and gives the baseline much better stability, considerably increasing detector sensitivity and ensuring precise analytical results) column temperature program: initially 130°C hold 2 min, increase at 5°C/min to 170°C hold 3 min, then increase 220°C min−1 at 5°C min−1, hold for 14 min; injection volume: 1 µl split ratio 1∶5. The total run time was 37 min and Shimadzu, GC Solution software was used for instrument control and data analysis. Quantification of the pesticides was done by peak area using the standard method.
5
GC/MS Analysis of Metabolites
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GC/MS was performed on a Shimadzu GCMS-QP2010 Plus system equipped with an AOC20i+s autosampler and a Rtx-5MS fused silica 30 m × 0.25 mm × 0.25 μm column (Restek Corp.). Helium was used as the carrier gas at 100 kPa. Samples were injected at a split ratio of 1:10 and ionization voltage of 70 eV. Temperatures of the column oven and GC/MS interface was 100 and 250°C respectively. Column temperature was started at 100°C, held for 1 min, then ramped at 20°C/min to 300°C, held for 5 min before decreasing to 100°C at 40°C/min. Data were acquired and analyzed using GCSolution software (Shimadzu). Scanning was performed over a mass range of 40–550 amu and constituents were identified by comparison with National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) libraries and literature data.
6
Plasma Fatty Acid Profiling by GC-FID
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After an 8–12 h fast, blood samples were collected and aliquoted at the visits during the second trimester by trained nurses. The plasma concentrations of multiple FAs were measured by gas chromatography (GC, Shimadzu GC 2010, Shimadzu Corporation, Japan) with flame ionization detector (FID) analysis. Briefly, an internal standard, heptadecanoic acid (C17:0), was added to each sample, then total lipids were extracted from plasma by chloroform/methanol (2:1) using modified Folch procedure (18 (link)). FAs were derivatized using 14% boron trifluoride methanol and redissolved in n-hexane. The fatty acid (FA) separation was performed on an HP-88 column (100 m × 0.25 mm × 0.20 μm, Agilent Technologies, United States). The chromatographic peak height of each FA was measured using GCSolution software (Shimadzu Corporation, Japan).
In total, the absolute concentrations of 37 FAs, including saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated FAs, were measured. Total LcSFAs were the sum of SFA concentrations over 14 carbons. The total VLcSFAs concentration was the sum of the SFA concentrations over 20 carbons. The total FA concentration was the sum of the concentrations of all measured FAs.
In total, the absolute concentrations of 37 FAs, including saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated FAs, were measured. Total LcSFAs were the sum of SFA concentrations over 14 carbons. The total VLcSFAs concentration was the sum of the SFA concentrations over 20 carbons. The total FA concentration was the sum of the concentrations of all measured FAs.
7
Fatty Acid Profiling of Phytoplankton
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Once all cultures of the same phytoplankton species reached stationary phase, phytoplankton cells were harvested by filtration through 3.0 μm cellulose nitrate membranes (Whatman, GE Healthcare), obtaining between 0.3 and 7.5 mg dry weight, depending on the species. Total lipids were extracted, and FA identified and analyzed as previously described (Calderini et al., 2022 (link)) without dividing the sample into different fractions. Shortly, total lipids were extracted with chloroform/methanol/water (4:2:1) using sonication (10 min). After evaporation of solvents under a nitrogen stream, 1 mL toluene was added, and fatty acids were transesterified overnight (50°C) using methanolic H2SO4 (1%, v/v). FA methyl esters were analyzed with a gas chromatograph equipped with a mass detector (GC–MS; Shimadzu Ultra) using a DB-23 column (30 m × 0.25 mm × 0.25 μm; Agilent). Quantification of FAs was based on peak integration using gcsolution software (version 2.41.00, Shimadzu). Peak areas of FAs were corrected by using two internal standards (phospholipid FA C19:0 and free FA C23:0; Larodan) added before lipid extraction.
8
Quantitative Analysis of PHA Polymers
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The yields and repeating unit compositions of PHA polymers were determined using GC, as previously described (Braunegg et al. 1978 ; Tappel et al. 2012b (link)). Briefly, dried cells (15–20 mg) were dissolved in 2 mL of sulfuric acid: methanol solution (15:85) and 2 mL of chloroform and heated at 100 °C for 140 min in a 10 mL pressure vial (Kimax). The samples were cooled to room temperature followed by the addition of 1 mL of Nanopure filtered water, after which all samples were mixed by vortex. Aqueous and organic layers were allowed to separate for 20 min. The organic layer was passed through a 0.45 μm polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) syringe filter (Restek). An aliquot of 500 μL of each filtered sample was mixed with 500 μL of methyl octanoate standard (1 gL−1) in chloroform in a 2 mL GC vial. Samples were injected and separated using a GC 2010 Gas Chromatograph with an AOC-20i autoinjector with a flame ionization detector. Shimadzu’s GCSolution software was used to analyze the data, and statistical significance of triplicate samples was determined using a two-tailed Student’s t test with a 95% confidence interval (α = 0.05).
9
Quantification of α-Endosulfan by GC-ECD
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The gas chromatograph (GC-2010, Shimadzu, Kyoto, Japan) was used for the determination of α-endosulfan concentration. A volume of 1 µL of the sample was injected through a splitless mode, using an injector temperature of 250 °C. The starting temperature of the column oven was 40 °C and the temperature was kept for 1 min. The temperature was increased to 290 °C at a rate of 20 °C/min and then kept for 3 min. Between the column and the ECD, high purity nitrogen make-up gas from Nippon Gases (Maia, Portugal) was added at a rate of 30 mL·min−1. The temperature used in ECD was 300 °C. The operating system was executed by Shimadzu’s GC Solution software (Kyoto, Japan). A column Zebron-5MS from Phenomenex (Madrid, Spain) (with dimensions 30 m × 0.25 µm i.d. × 0.25 mm) was used. The calibration curve was performed with standard solutions of α-endosulfan with a range of concentration between 20 to 175 μg·L−1. To validate the method, standard solutions of 20 and 175 μg·L−1 were injected 10 times to evaluate the reproducibility of the results.
10
Fatty Acid Profiling by Gas Chromatography
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FA analysis of purified FAME extracts was conducted via gas chromatography (GC, GC-17 V3; Shimadzu, Japan) equipped with an autosampler (AOC-5000) and a flame ionisation detector, as described by Kuhnt et al. (26 (link)). Two different GC procedures were performed using two different columns. A fused-silica capillary column DB-225ms (60 m×0.25 mm i.d., film thickness 0.25 µm; J&W Scientific, USA) was used to analyse FA ranging from 4 to 25 carbon atoms (including total CLA). A second high polar fused-silica capillary column CP select (200 m×0.25 mm i.d., film thickness 0.25 µm; Varian, the Netherlands) separated the cis and trans isomers of C18:1. Using this highly polar 200 m column, a good separation of t9, t10, t11, and t12 was achieved as shown with the 100 m CP-Sil 88 (27 (link)). The injector and detector temperatures were constant at 260 and 270°C, respectively, for both GC methods, using H2 as the carrier gas, as described by Kuhnt et al. (28 (link)). In all analysed materials, the same 55 FA were integrated including trans C18:1 isomers, using the GC solution software (Shimadzu). Individual FAME were expressed as a percentage of total identified FAME peak areas (% of total FAME).
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