Eight C. difficile reference ribotypes were used in this study, including ribotypes RT 001, RT 012 (630), RT 017, RT 020, RT 023, RT 027 (R20291), RT 046, and RT 056, and which were kindly provided by Prof. Nigel Minton, University of Nottingham. C. difficile strains HN2, HN6, HN9, HN10, and HN21 were applied as the susceptible host for ΦHN10 phage according to the previous study (Phothichaisri et al., 2018 (link)). C. difficile was grown in either brain heart infusion (BHI) medium (Himedia) supplemented with 0.5% yeast extract or TY medium (3% tryptose and 2% yeast extract; Himedia) and incubated in anaerobic condition (10% H2, 5% CO2, and 85% N2) at 37°C (Coy Laboratory Products).
E. coli XL10-Gold and Rosetta (DE3) were used as cloning and expression hosts, respectively. They were cultured in Luria-Bertani broth (LB) medium (Himedia) supplemented with 100 μg/ml ampicillin (Amp), 25 μg/ml kanamycin (Km), or 34 μg/ml chloramphenicol (Cm) where appropriate for plasmid maintenance.
E. coli XL10-Gold and Rosetta (DE3) were used as cloning and expression hosts, respectively. They were cultured in Luria-Bertani broth (LB) medium (Himedia) supplemented with 100 μg/ml ampicillin (Amp), 25 μg/ml kanamycin (Km), or 34 μg/ml chloramphenicol (Cm) where appropriate for plasmid maintenance.