Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) was performed using a conventional circular coil (14 cm diameter coil, Medtronic MagPro©, MagVenture, Denmark), centered on the vertex, to induce maximum electric current near the outer edge of the coil in the motor cortex. Motor responses were recorded from right ADM and AH muscles using a belly-tendon montage. Resting motor threshold was estimated as the lowest intensity needed to elicit motor responses ≥50 μV in at least 5 of 10 stimuli [35 (link), 36 (link)]. MEPs were obtained by stimulating the cortex 20% above threshold with 30 s interstimulus interval. We considered mean MEP amplitude and latency from 10 consecutive MEPs. Peripheral and central motor conduction times (PMCT and CMCT, respectively) were calculated for upper limb responses as in Kimura et al. [19 ]: PMCT = ½(Mlatency + Fminimum latency – 1); CMCT = MEPlatency – PMCT.
Magpro
Manufactured by MagVenture
Sourced in Denmark
The MagPro is a transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) device designed for research and clinical applications. It generates magnetic pulses that can non-invasively stimulate the brain. The MagPro provides precise control over the timing, intensity, and pattern of the magnetic pulses delivered to the patient or research subject.
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Lab products found in correlation
5 protocols using magpro
1
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Motor Cortex Assessment
2
Mapping Motor Cortex Representations
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Magnetic stimulation was done with a single-pulse TMS using a circular coil (MagPro, MagVenture) coupled with an electromyographics device (Dantec Keypoint) to acquire MEP. MEP were acquired on both sides. Cortical representation of upper and lower limbs was identified by surface EMG of the abductor digiti minimi muscle of the hand or the abductor hallucis muscle of the foot. Intensity of TMS was set to supra-threshold intensity to obtain a reproducible EMG signal and was left unchanged during additional TMS. Intensity of muscle stimulation was adjusted to obtain a painless, clear but minimal muscle contraction (i.e. evident for the patient himself). Painless stimulation was always demonstrated on the neurologist’s forearm to reassure the patient. TMS was delivered in sequences of 10 magnetic stimulations (manual trigger) on each side of the motor cortex. Direct muscle stimulation was given in sequences of 10 stimulations delivered on the extensor and flexor muscle groups (arm and forearm, thigh and calf) of the involved limbs.
3
Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation and Speech Therapy for Aphasia
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For every patient, one session of rTMS was applied every day for 10 working days by a medical technologist. All subjects were treated with a figure-of-8 coil using MagPro® (MagVenture Company, Farum, Denmark). The stimuli were applied to the right inferior frontal gyrus, which is a homologue in the right hemisphere of Broca's area. The stimulation site was localized by neuronavigation (TMS navigator, Localite, Germany) (Fig. 1 ). The resting motor threshold of the abductor pollicis brevis muscle was analyzed. The rTMS was conducted at 90% of the resting motor threshold with a 1 Hz frequency for 20 minutes, and a total of 1,200 pulses were delivered. After each session of rTMS, the patients underwent SLT for 30 minutes by another speech-language pathologist who had not performed K-WAB assessment. The SLT is a conventional speech therapy tailored to individual functions for non-fluent aphasia.
4
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Setup and EMG Monitoring
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The stimulation setup consisted of a frameless stereotaxic system for navigation (Nexstim Ltd., Helsinki, Finland) equipped with a Nexstim 59 mm mean winding diameter figure-of-eight TMS coil and connected to a magnetic stimulator (MagPro, MagVenture A/S, Farum, Denmark) delivering biphasic pulses. Single and rTMS were both delivered using biphasic pulses delivered through the same coil. During stimulation, surface electromyography (EMG) was recorded and monitored continuously online (ME 6000, Mega Electronics Ltd., Kuopio, Finland) using pre-gelled, disposable Ag/AgCl electrodes (10 mm diameter). Active electrodes were attached to the skin overlying the first dorsal interosseus (FDI) muscle and reference electrodes were placed over the metacarpophalangeal joints. The EMG signals were filtered (8-500 Hz), amplified, displayed, and stored for off-line analysis. The TMS system delivered trigger pulses that synchronized the TMS and EMG systems.
During TMS measurements, the subjects sat in a comfortable recliner and held their hands supine on their laps. The subjects remained silent during the study to avoid speech-induced modulation of cortical excitability. The subjects were also monitored for drowsiness and asked to keep their eyes open throughout the experiment. Relaxation of the measured muscle was controlled by continuous visual and audio EMG monitoring.
During TMS measurements, the subjects sat in a comfortable recliner and held their hands supine on their laps. The subjects remained silent during the study to avoid speech-induced modulation of cortical excitability. The subjects were also monitored for drowsiness and asked to keep their eyes open throughout the experiment. Relaxation of the measured muscle was controlled by continuous visual and audio EMG monitoring.
5
Therapeutic rTMS Application Protocol
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rTMS was performed with a MagPro® (MagVenture Company, Farum, Denmark) equipped with an air-cooled figure-of-eight coil (each loop was 70 mm in diameter). The subjects were seated in a chair that allowed their head to lean on the headrest to ensure that it was immobile during the rTMS procedure. The coil was placed tangentially to the scalp over the right pIFG (F4 site on a standard EEG-10/20) or the pSTG (CP6 site on a standard EEG-10/20). Each LF-rTMS session consisted of 1,200 pulses and lasted 20 minutes. Magnetic stimulation was applied at 80% of the resting motor threshold (RMT) at a 1-Hz frequency. RMT was determined in each subject once before treatment and was defined as the minimum stimulus intensity able to elicit a motor evoked potential of at least 50 mV in 5 or more of 10 consecutive stimulations. MEP was recorded from the first dorsal interosseus muscle of the unaffected hand. The stimulation parameters were chosen according to current safety guidelines for rTMS [19 (link)]. The sham stimulation used the same coil and was placed vertically over the vertex with the same stimulation parameters used for the real rTMS procedure.
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