Hepatitis C (HCV) and hepatitis B (HBV) viral pre-infection was determined in all patients. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) pre-infection was determined using a qualitative immunoassay (AxSYM HCV v3.0; Abbott, Wiesbaden Delkenheim, Germany) to detect the presence of anti-HCV antibodies, and the results were confirmed by immunoblotting technology (recombinant immunoblot assay) or reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) (REAL; Durviz, Valencia, Spain), following the manufacturer’s indications. Hepatitis B viral infection (HBV) was determined measuring the HBV surface antigen using a radioimmunological method (SorinBiomedica, Perugia, Italy). HCV-positive liver recipients were treated with pegylated interferon (PEG-IFN) α-2b (PegIntron, Schering-Plough), and oral ribavirin (Rebetol, Schering-Plough). HBV-positive liver recipients were treated with anti-HBV γ-globulin (Grifols, Barcelona, Spain) and lamivudine (GlaxoWellcome, Triangle Park, NC). All patients were classified according to the presence (viral AC patients) or absence (non-viral AC patients) of concomitant viral infections.
Rebetol
Manufactured by Merck & Co
Sourced in United States
Rebetol is a ribavirin medication manufactured by Merck & Co. for use in laboratory settings. It is a synthetic guanosine analog that inhibits viral replication. The core function of Rebetol is to serve as a research tool for studying viral infections and evaluating potential antiviral treatments.
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5 protocols using rebetol
1
Determining Viral Hepatitis Infection in Liver Recipients
2
Pegylated Interferon and Ribavirin Therapy
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Patients were treated with PEG-IFN-α (Peg-Intron; Schering-Plough, Kenilworth, NJ; 180 μg/wk for body weight ≥65 kg and 135 μg/wk for body weight <65 kg) in combination with ribavirin (Rebetol; Schering-Plough; 1000 mg/d for body weight ≥65 kg and 800 mg/d for body weight <65 kg). After the initial 12-week treatment, if the HCV RNA level decreased at least by 2 log10 or the patient was HCV RNA negative, the treatment was continued for another 36 weeks; otherwise, treatment was discontinued.
3
Chronic HCV Genotype 4 Treatment
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Patients with chronic HCV genotype 4 infection were treated with the combined PEG-IFN-α/RBV therapy.20 (link) PEG-IFN-α-2b (Peg-Intron; Schering Plough Corp., Kenilworth, NJ, USA) was subcutaneously administered at a fixed dose of 1.5 μg/kg/wk together with orally administered weight-based RBV (Rebetol; Schering Plough Corp.) at doses of 800 mg/day for patients <65 kg; 1,000 mg/day for patients weighing 65 to 85 kg; 1,200 mg/day for patients weighing 85 to 105 kg; and 1,400 mg/day for patients weighing >105 kg but <125 kg for 48 weeks.21 (link)
4
Treatment Strategies for Thyrotoxicosis
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Beta-blockers were used as first-line therapy for symptomatic treatment (G1: A, B, D, H, E) of patients with destructive thyrotoxicosis and GD when tachycardia occurred as an adverse reaction to antithyroid drug (ATD) therapy. ATDs, methimazole or propylthiouracil were applied for at least 6 months to achieve remission (G2: I). Radioiodine (RAI) was used after 1 year of ineffective therapy, when ATD therapy was contraindicated (agranulocytosis, thrombocytopenia, transaminasemia) and also in the case of thyroid cancer (G1: H). Substitution therapy with l -thyroxine was administered to compensate for hypothyroidism in HT (subgroup: O; G3) or after RIT (G3: P or subgroup P; G3 (use one)). The patients with IIT received IFN-α-2b (Roferon-A, Hoffman-LaRoche Inc., Basel, Switzerland) or pegylated-IFN-α-2b in a combination with ribavirin (Rebetol; Schering-Plough, Germany) (G1: E), a similar combination which was used in the cases of AM (G1: F, G).
5
Hematological Decline in HCV Therapy
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All of the patients were treated with combination of PEG-IFN-α-2a (Pegasys, Roche, Basel, Switzerland) and RBV (Copegus, Roche, Basel, Switzerland) or PEG-IFN-α-2b (Pegintron, Schering-plough, Puerto Rico, USA) and RBV (Rebetol, Schering-plough, Puerto Rico, USA). The dose of Pegasys was 180 μg subcutaneously once a week in combination with oral RBV 800 – 1,200 mg per day according to patients’ weight. The dose of Pegintron was 80, 100 or 120 μg subcutaneously once a week according to patients’ weight in combination with oral RBV 800-1,200 mg per day according to patients’ weight.
The decline of hematological components at week 4 of therapy was chosen as the clinical endpoint. Several cut-off values were assessed for each blood component and the best cut-off value according to the lower P value for each parameter was taken.
The decline of hematological components at week 4 of therapy was chosen as the clinical endpoint. Several cut-off values were assessed for each blood component and the best cut-off value according to the lower P value for each parameter was taken.
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