Anti nf κb p65

Proteins were subjected to SDS-PAGE on polyacrylamide gels (8–10%) and transferred onto a PVDF membrane. After blocking with 5% non-fat milk in TBS containing 0.1% Tween-20, the membrane was incubated at 4 °C overnight with one of the following primary antibodies: anti-p-NF-κB P65, anti-NF-κB P65, anti-p-mTOR, anti-p-ERK, anti-ERK, anti-PDCD4, anti-GNA12 (Affinity, USA); anti-mTOR, anti-GAPDH, anti-TSG101, anti-CD63, anti-CD81, anti-Bax (Proteintech, USA); anti-Bcl-2 (Abclonal, China). Subsequently, the peroxidase-conjugated AffiniPure goat anti-rabbit or mouse IgG (Proteintech, USA) was added. Bound antibody was visualized via ECL plus TM Western blotting system detection kit (Amersham, USA).

Lysis and protein extraction of spinal cord tissues or astrocytes was performed using the RIPA lysate buffer (P0013; Beyotime). The concentration of the extracted protein was determined by the BCA Protein Assay Kit (P0011; Beyotime). The protein (20–40 µg per lane) was separated on 8–15% SDS-PAGE gel and transferred to polyvinylidene fluoride membrane (IPVH00010; Millipore, Billerica, MA, USA). After blocking with 5% (m/v) skim milk for 1 h at room temperature, the membrane was incubated at 4 °C overnight with primary antibodies in skim milk at a dilution of 1:1000. These primary antibodies were as follows: anti-HSPA8 (A14001; Abclonal), anti-NLRP3 (A5652; Abclonal), anti-ASC (A1170; Abclonal), anti-caspase-1 (A0964; Abclonal), anti-NF-κB P65 (AF5006; Affinity, Cincinnati, OH, USA), anti-phosphorylated NF-κB P65 (p-NF-κB P65) (AF2006; Affinity), anti-IL-1β (A16288; Abclonal), anti-IL-18 (A16737; Abclonal), and anti-β-actin (sc-47778; Santa Cruz). After washing with Tris-buffered saline-Tween 20 (TBST) buffer, the membranes were incubated with horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-conjugated goat anti-rabbit (1:3000 dilution; A0208; Beyotime) or mouse (1:3000 dilution; A0216; Beyotime) secondary antibody at 37 °C for 40 min. The membranes were visualized using a chemiluminescence kit (Shanghai 7sea biotech Co. Ltd.) and analyzed using Gel-Pro-Analyzer 4.0 (Media Cybernetics, Inc.).

After de-paraffinization, the sections were incubated with a 3% H₂O₂ solution to block endogenous peroxidases. Antigen retrieval was carried out using 0.1 M sodium citrate (pH 6.0) for 60 min. Sections were incubated with anti-α-SMA (1:100; BIOSS), anti-desmin (1:100; Abcam), anti-TGF-β1 (1:100; Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc.), anti-NF-κB p65 (1:100; Affinity Biosciences) or anti-SREBP-1 (1:100; Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc.) antibodies overnight at 4 °C, and a horseradish peroxidase-conjugated secondary antibody and diaminobenzidine substrate were added sequentially. Following hematoxylin counterstaining and dehydration, the sections were mounted and observed under a Leica DM4000B photomicroscope (Leica Microsystems, Inc.).