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Sodium alginate alg

Manufactured by Merck Group
Sourced in Germany, United States, United Kingdom

Sodium alginate (ALG) is a naturally occurring polysaccharide derived from brown seaweed. It is a versatile compound widely used in various industries as a thickening, stabilizing, and gelling agent. Sodium alginate possesses the ability to form viscous solutions and gels in the presence of multivalent cations, such as calcium. This core function makes it a valuable component in numerous applications, including food, pharmaceutical, and biomedical industries.

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14 protocols using sodium alginate alg

1

Purification of Sodium Alginate

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Sodium alginate (Alg, average molecular weight 80 kDa) was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. The purification was performed according to the protocol published by Prokop and Wang with slight changes [32 (link)]. Briefly, sodium alginate was dissolved in deionized water (1 g alginate/15 mL water) and was dialyzed (10 kDa MW cutoff) for three days, with continuous water exchange. Afterwards, the solution was stirred at room temperature with 0.5 g activated charcoal per gram sodium alginate, filtered through a Buchner funnel, lyophilized, and stored at −20 °C until use.
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2

Encapsulation of Peppermint Oil in Biopolymers

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Peppermint essential oil (containing L-Menthol and trans-p-Menthan-3-one as main components) was kindly donated by FREY&LAU GmbH (Henstedt-Ulzburg, Germany); sodium alginate (ALG) (molecular weight 120,000–190,000 g/mol; ratio of mannuronic-guluronic 1.56), calcium chloride was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Milan, Italy). Locust bean gum (Ceratonia Siliqua Flour Seeds) was purchased from Farmalabor (Milan, Italy). Shellac gum (SHL, SSB 55 Pharma FL) was kindly donated by Stroever Schellack Bremen (Bremen. D) and iota-carrageenan (CRG, GENUVISCO CG-131) by Giusto Faravelli S.p.A (Milan, Italy). All other reagents were of analytical grade and used as received.
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3

Alginate-Based Nanocomposite Hydrogels

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Sodium alginate (ALG) (Mw = 1.39 × 105, β-d-mannuronate/α-l-guluronate ratio = 1.57) was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Taufkirchen, Germany). Whey protein concentrate (WPC80; 80% protein based on dry weight) was obtained from Alinda (Spata Attica, Greece). The carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were multi-walled carbon nanotubes with an outer diameter of 8–15 nm and a purity of >95 wt% (Neutrino Co., Tehran, Iran). Calcium chloride was obtained from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany), calcium carbonate from Iranian Nanomaterials Company (Mashhad, Iran), and soy oil from Sigma-Aldrich (Taufkirchen, Germany).
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4

Curcumin-loaded Alginate-Gum Arabic Hydrogels

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Gum Arabic (GA) used in this study was purchased from the ENNASR company (Mw: 2.5 × 106 g. mol−1, Khartoum, Sudan). Sodium alginate (ALG: molecular weight = 4.8 × 106 ± 1.8 × 105 Da, nominal viscosity = 300 mPa.s) was bought from Sigma Aldrich (Dteroit, MI, USA). Curcumin (purity, >98%, Mw = 368.36 g/moL, C12H20O6) was bought from Biolution Resources company (Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia). Phosphate buffer solution (PBS) was purchased from R&M (Pekin, China). Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS), Trypsine-EDTA, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), Trolox, and Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM) high glucose were bought from Sigma Aldrich (St. Loius, MO, USA).
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5

Alginate-Pectin Hydrogel Formulation

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Sodium alginate (alg) (European Pharmacopoeia X, MW ≈ 240 KDa) was obtained from Carlo Erba (Carlo Erba, Milan, Italy); amidated low methoxy (ALM) pectin (pct) (esterification degree 24% and amidation degree 23%) was kindly offered by Herbstreith and Fox KG (Neuenburg, Germany); zinc acetate dihydrate was supplied from Sigma-Aldrich (Sigma-Aldrich, Milan, Italy). Betamethasone (B) was provided by Carbosynth (Compton, United Kingdom). All other chemicals and reagents were obtained from Sigma Aldrich and used as supplied.
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6

Gelatin-Alginate Composite with rGO

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Gelatin (Gel) from bovine skin (type B) (CAS#: 9000-70-8) and sodium alginate (Alg) (CAS#: 9005-38-3) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Reduced graphene oxide (rGO) was obtained from Bioman Taiwan (New Taipei City, Taiwan)). All other biochemical reagents were acquired from Thermo Fisher Scientific (Cleveland, OH, USA) and were of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) grade.
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7

Metformin-Alginate Hydrogel Formulation

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Metformin hydrochloride (MF) was a product of Debao Fine Chemical CO (Henan, China). Sodium alginate (ALG) (with viscosity 132.6 mPa∙s of 2% solution), mucin, and gelatin were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (Steinheim, Germany). Potassium dihydrogen phosphate, sodium hydroxide, hydrochloric acid, methanol, propan-1,2-diol, acetonitrile, and calcium chloride were from Chempur (Piekary Śląskie, Poland). Water was purified by osmosis system, Milli-Q Reagent Water System (Billerica, MA, USA). Porcine stomach mucosa was derived from the local veterinary service.
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8

Synthesis and Characterization of Protein Conjugates

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bovine serum albumin was purchased to engineer the albumin conjugates. bovine serum albumin (BSA), locust bean gum (LBG, Mw = 66,000 g/mol), and sodium alginate (ALG, medium viscosity, Mw = 120,000 g/mol) were purchased from Sigma Aldrich Ltd. (Hamburg, Germany). The Fluoraldehyde™ o-Phthaldialdehyde Reagent Solution (OPA) was obtained from Thermo Scientific™ (Waltham, MA, USA). Broad-range SDS–PAGE molecular weight standards purchased from VWR (VWR International Ltd., Debrecen, Hungary) were used as molecular mass standards (myosin 200 kDa, β-galactosidase 120 kDa, bovine serum albumin 91 kDa, glutamic dehydrogenase 62 kDa, ovalbumin 47 kDa, carbonic anhydrase 37 kDa, myoglobin 28 kDa, lysozyme 19 kDa, aprotinin 9 kDa). The distilled water was prepared by a laboratory purification system.
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9

Chitosan-Alginate Nanocomposite Synthesis

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The chitosan (CHI) polymer we used in the present work originates from crabs and was obtained, purified, and characterized as described in Abreu et al. (2013), with a viscosimetric molar mass (Mz) of 4.126 × 105 g mol−1 and a deacetylation degree of 77% [17 ]. Sodium alginate (ALG, Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) and Arabic gum (AG, Dinâmica, SP, Brasil) sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP), and Tween® 80 (Dinâmica Química Contemporânea, Jardim da Glória, São Paulo, SP, Brasil) were also used. Cardanol was isolated and purified according to a methodology with adaptations [18 (link)], monitored by thin-layer chromatography (TLC), and analyzed by HPLC (high-performance liquid chromatography).
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10

Alginate-Gum Arabic Hydrogel Synthesis

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Sodium alginate (Alg) and gum arabic (Ga) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Methylene bisacryl-amide (MBA) (Fluka, Buchs, Germany) and potassium persulfate (KPS) (Merck, Darmstadt, Germany) were used as the crosslinker and initiator, respectively.
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