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Sodium perchlorate

Manufactured by Thermo Fisher Scientific
Sourced in Belgium

Sodium perchlorate is a chemical compound with the formula NaClO4. It is a white, crystalline solid that is highly soluble in water. Sodium perchlorate is commonly used as an oxidizing agent and a source of the perchlorate ion (ClO4−) in various industrial and laboratory applications.

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10 protocols using sodium perchlorate

1

Synthesis of Copper Nanoparticles

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Absolute ethanol (C2H5OH, purity ≥ 99.8%), copper (II) sulfate pentahydrate (CuSO4·5H2O, purity ≥ 98.0%), ascorbic acid (C6H8O6, purity ≥ 99.7%), and ammonia hydroxide (NH3·H2O, 35%) were purchased from Fisher Chemical (Pittsburgh, PA, USA) and used without further purification. Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP, purity ≥ 99.0%), ethylene glycol (C2H4(OH)2, purity ≥ 99.5%), formic acid (CH₂O₂, purity ≥ 95.0%), and sodium perchlorate (NaClO4, purity ≥ 99.0%) were obtained from Acros Organics (Geel, Belgium). Commercial wetting agent (type 2230) was used in this study, supplied by Marvel Chemical Co. (Taipei, Taiwan). PET ((C10H8O4)n) was purchased from Hsin Yun Co. (Taipei, Taiwan). All chemicals were analytical grade and used as received.
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2

Analytical-Grade Chemicals for Diverse Applications

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Acenaphthene (Ace) (purity > 99%), phenanthrene (Phe) (purity ≥ 98%), iron(II) chloride tetrahydrate (purity > 99%), iron(III) chloride (purity > 98%), nickel(II) chloride hexahydrate (purity ≥ 97%), oxalic acid (purity ≥ 98%), sodium nitrite (purity ≥ 98.5%), sodium perchlorate (purity ≥ 99%), and tin(IV) chloride pentahydrate (purity ≥ 98%) were purchased from Acros Organics (Geel, Belgium). Acetic acid (purity ≥ 99.7%), nitric acid (purity > 68%), phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) buffer solution, and sodium carbonate (purity > 99.5%) were obtained from Fisher Chemical (Hampton, NH, USA). Copper (II) chloride (purity ≥ 98%), fluorine (Flu) (purity ≥ 98%), naphthalene (Nap) (purity ≥ 99%), and zinc chloride (purity ≥ 98%) were purchased from Alfa Aesar (Ward Hill, MA, USA). Potassium acetate (purity ≥ 99%) and tetrachloroauric acid (HAuCl4) (purity ≥ 99.99%) were purchased from Sigma–Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Sodium citrate (purity ≥ 99%) was obtained from Macron Fine Chemicals (Center Valley, PA, USA). All chemicals used were of analytical grade and were used without undergoing additional purification.
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3

Aqueous Electrolyte Preparation Protocol

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Potassium
perchlorate (≥99%,
Sigma-Aldrich), sodium perchlorate (98–102% Alfa Aesar), sodium
chloride (99.85%, Fisher Scientific), tetraethylammonium chloride
(99%, Thermo Scientific), tetra-n-propylammonium chloride (99%+, Thermo
Scientific), and tetrabutylammonium chloride (98%, AstaTech) were
used as-is to prepare electrolytes with water supplied from a Milli-A
Integral Water Purification System (EMD Millipore).
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4

Plasmonic DNA Sensor Fabrication

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All solutions were prepared with deionized, ultrafiltered water (Fisher Scientific). The following reagents were used as received: 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazineethanesulfonic acid (HEPES) and sodium perchlorate from Alfa Aesar; tris(2-carboxyethyl) phosphine hydrochloride (TCEP), mercaptohexanol, gold etchant, and chromium etchant from Sigma-Aldrich. Methylene blue (MB)-conjugated DNA was purchased from Biosearch Technologies (Novato, CA), purified by RP-HPLC. All other DNA sequences (listed in Table S-1) were obtained from Integrated DNA Technologies (IDT; Coralville, Iowa), with purity confirmed by mass spectrometry. Gold-sputtered glass slides (100 nm Au with 5 nm Cr adhesion layer) were purchased from Deposition Research Lab (St. Charles, MO), with dimensions of 1.0 in. × 3.0 in. × 0.44 in. (width, length, thickness). AZ 40XT (positive photoresist) and AZ 300 MIF developer was obtained from MicroChemicals GmbH. Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) was purchased from Dow Corning, and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) was purchased from VWR/Anachemia.
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5

Preparation and Characterization of ZnO Crystals

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A 10 mM solution was prepared
from sodium perchlorate (98+%, Alpha Aesar). pH was adjusted using
sodium hydroxide (technical, VWR) and perchloric acid (p.a. grade,
Carl Roth), while maintaining the concentration of the perchlorate
anion constant. Milli-Q water (resistivity >18 MΩ·cm,
total
organic carbon < 4 ppb) was used for making electrolyte solutions.
ZnO single crystals (MaTecK GmbH) of orientations (0001) and (101̅0)
were prepared by hand polishing using diamond paste down to 0.05 μm.
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6

Synthesis of Nanomaterials from Molecular Precursors

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The nucleic acid bases adenine (A, 99%), thymine (T, 97%), cytosine (C, 98%+), and guanine (G, 98%), sodium citrate (99.0%), chloroauric acid (HAuCl 4 •3H 2 O, 99.99%), sodium perchlorate (NaClO 4 , 98%-102%), and (3-aminopropyl)trimethoxysilane (97%) were purchased from Alfa Aesar. Sodium silicate solution (27% SiO 2 ) was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. All the chemicals were used directly without purification. Deionized Milli-Q water (∼18.2 MΩ cm) was used throughout the study.
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7

Preparation of Redox Electrolytes for Electrochemical Studies

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The [Fe(CN) 6 ] 3À/4À electrolyte was prepared from deionized water (Millipore, 418.2 MO cm), deuterium oxide (99.9% atom% D, Aldrich), potassium hexacyanoferrate(III) (499%, Alfa Aesar) and potassium hexacyanoferrate(II) trihydrate (99.5%, Sigma). Iron(III) chloride hexahydrate (498%, Sigma-Aldrich) and iron(II) chloride tetrahydrate (98%, Sigma-Aldrich) were used for the preparation of the [Fe(H 2 O) 6 ] 3+/2+ electrolyte. For cation dependent measurements, tetrabutylammonium chloride (TBACl, 498%, Sigma-Aldrich), tetraethylammonium chloride (TEACl 498%, Sigma-Aldrich), tetramethylammonium chloride (TMACl 498%, Sigma-Aldrich), lithium chloride (498%, Alfa Aesar), sodium chloride (99.99%, Alfa Aesar), potassium chloride (99.995%, Alfa Aesar), rubidium chloride (99.8%, Alfa Aesar), cesium chloride (99.9%, Alfa Aesar), lithium perchlorate (495%, Sigma-Aldrich), potassium perchlorate, sodium perchlorate (499%, Alfa Aesar), lithium nitrate (99%, Alfa Aesar), potassium nitrate (99%, Alfa Aesar), rubidium nitrate (99.7%, Sigma-Aldrich) and cesium nitrate (99.99%, Sigma-Aldrich) were used. Furthermore, both [Fe(CN) 6 ] 3À/4À and [Fe(H 2 O) 6 ] 3+/2+ redox couples were stable in the presence of perchlorate salts, as shown in the cyclic voltammograms (ESI2, †). This journal is © the Owner Societies 2018
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8

Ziconotide Delivery via Chitosan-Based Formulations

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Ziconotide acetate, chitosan (MW ~250 kDa, 75–80% deacetylation), Krebs-ringer bicarbonate (KRB) (premixed powder), acetone, hydrochloric acid were procured from Sigma chemicals (St. Louis, MO). Ziconotide acetate was radio labeled by PerkinElmer (Waltham, MA) using 125I. Sodium perchlorate, methanol, triflouro acetic acid and acetonitrile were obtained from Fischer Scientific (Atlanta, GA). Kolliphor P 407 (KP 407) was obtained from BASF (Florham Park, NJ).
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9

Comprehensive Chemical Reagents Database

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All chemicals were used as received from the vendors: sodium lignosulfonate (Borregaard LignoTech), polystyrene (35 K, Sigma-Aldrich), dopamine hydrochloride (99%, Alfa acer), uric acid (≥99%, Aldrich), l-(+)-ascorbic acid (99+%, Thermo scientific), sodium phosphate dibasic (99%, Thermo scientific), sodium phosphate monobasic (99+%, Thermo scientific), sodium chloride (≥99.5%, Honeywell), sulfuric acid (96%, Roth). Sodium perchlorate (98.0–102.0%, Thermo Scientific).
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10

Sodium Iodide Sample Preparation

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Sodium iodide (>99.5%) was purchased
from Alfa Aesar. Sodium thiocyanate (99.99%), sodium tetraphenyl borate
(99.5%), and D2O (>99.9%) were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich
for the HD-SFG measurements. For the TR-SFG experiments, D2O (99.9%) was obtained by Eurisotop, and HCl (37%) was obtained from
VWR. Sodium perchlorate, anhydrous (>98%), was obtained from Thermo
Scientific. Sodium chloride (≥99.5%) and sodium sulfate (≥99%)
were purchased from Carl Roth GmbH. Sodium chloride was baked at 500
°C for 8 h before use. Other materials were used as received.
The DCl solution was prepared by mixing the HCl solution into D2O. To avoid the oxidation of iodide ions and BPh4 ions, we
dissolved the Sodium iodide salt into D2O under N2 atmosphere and in a dark room just before SFG experiments.
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