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7 protocols using clarus sq 8 s ms

1

Characterization of Nanoceria Structure

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Transmission electron microscopy (JeoL-2010, Tokyo, Japan) was used to determine the morphology and particle size. The crystalline structure of nanoceria was confirmed by powder X-ray diffraction (X'Pert PRO, PANalytical) and the crystallite size was calculated by applying the Scherrer equation. The colloidal stability and surface charge in different media were studied by dynamic light scattering (NanoPlus, Particulate Systems). Excitation and emission spectra were recorded using a spectrofluorometer (Clariostar, BMG LABTECH). The composition of the coating was confirmed by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA 4000, PerkinElmer) connected to a GC-MS system (GC Clarus 580MS Clarus SQ 8 S, PerkinElmer). Detailed experimental conditions are provided in the ESI.
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2

GC-MS Analysis of Diester Compounds

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Gas chromatograms were measured on a Perkin Elmer (Waltham, MA, USA) GC Clarus 590 connected to a Perkin Elmer MS Clarus SQ 8 S with an EI standard source, with a 4.0 mm Glass inlet liner with deactivated wool in split mode 1:50 on a Perkin Elmer Elite 5MS 30 m × 0.25 mm × 0.25 μm capillary column and a 1.0 mL/min flow rate with injection volume of 1 μL. The oven was programmed as follows: 100 °C for 2 min, then 10 °C/min heating rate to 300 °C, and afterwards hold for 5 min. Mass spectra were measured with electron ionization (EI) at 70 eV, transfer line at 250 °C, and a source temperature of 200 °C. The mass fragments were scanned between 50 and 500 m/z for all diesters with the exception of dimethyl oxalate, where fragments were scanned between 40 and 500 m/z. In all cases, a scan time of 0.3 s and inter-scan delay of 0.04 s were used. The Mass Spectrometer (MS) was calibrated and tuned with perfluoroterbutylamine (PFTBA, Sigma Aldrich). The samples were diluted in cyclohexane with a concentration of 0.1 mg/mL.
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3

Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Protocol

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Gas chromatograms were measured on a Clarus 590 GC instrument (Perkin Elmer, Waltham, MA, USA) connected to a Perkin Elmer MS Clarus SQ 8 S with EI standard source, with 4.0 mm Glass inlet liner with deactivated Wool in split mode 1:50 on a Perkin Elmer Elite 5 30 m × 250 μm × 0.25 μm column and 1.0 mL/min flow rate. The oven program was 100 °C for 2 min, then 10 °C/min heating rate to 300 °C and afterwards hold for 5 min. The temperature of the MSD transfer line was 250 °C. Mass spectra were measured with electron ionization (EI) at 70 eV and source temperature of 200 °C. The instrument was scanned between m/z 50 and 500 at a scan time of 0.3 s and inter-scan delay of 0.04 s. Perfluoroterbutylamine (PFTBA, Sigma Aldrich) served for tuning of the MS. The samples were diluted in chloroform (≥99.9% GC grade, Sigma Aldrich) with a concentration of 0.1 mg/mL and the injection volume was 1 μL.
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4

FAME Analysis of Biodiesels by GC-MS

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Biodiesels were analyzed for their FAME content using gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis using a PerkinElmer Clarus 580 GC coupled to PerkinElmer Clarus SQ8S MS and an Elite-5MS column (30 m × 0.25 mm × 0.25 μm). Biodiesels were diluted 5 µL into 1.0 mL of hexane. The helium carrier gas had a constant flow of 1.0 mL/min. The injection port was 310 °C with a split ratio of 30:1. The temperature program was operated from 50 °C for 0.5 min, ramping at 8 °C/min until 310 °C and holding for 3.0 min. The mass spectrometer analyzed a mass range from 40 to 400 (m/z), from 4.0 to 36.0 min at 70 eV. Compounds were identified by comparison of mass spectra against National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) (08) MS library match and calculated retention index. Quantitation was via integration of the Total Ion Current chromatogram (Fig. 1). All biodiesels were found to contain > 99% FAME. Note we did two rounds of testing to optimize the transesterification process.

Example chromatograms for (a) Soy biodiesel, (b) Tallow biodiesel and (c) ultra-low sulfur diesel for comparison.

Fig 1
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5

Quantification of 3-Hydroxybutyrate by GC-MS

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GC/MS analysis was used to determine the concentration of 3-HB in the supernatant. 0.1–1 mL culture supernatant was filtered through a 0.4 μm syringe filter and lyophilized for 24 h. The dry supernatants were subjected to propanolysis as described by Riis and Mai (1988 (link)) but with modification. 1.5 mL 1,2-DCE and 1.5 mL n-propanol-HCl solution (4:1 v/v) was added to lyophilizate and incubated at 90 °C for 4 h. After cooling to room temperature the reaction mixture was extracted twice with triple distilled H2O and the lower organic phase was taken for analysis in a Clarus® 680 GC combined with Clarus® SQ 8 S MS (PerkinElmer, USA) equipped with Elite-624 column (PerkinElmer, 30 m × 0.5 mm, 1.4 μm). The GC program was set up as follows: initial 60 °C for 5 min, ramping at 10 °C min−1 to 200 °C and held for 2 min and then ramping at 5 °C min−1 to 235 °C and held for 10 min.
Commercial (R)-3-HB (Sigma-Aldrich) was used to construct a standard curve. The analysis was conducted in triplicate and results were analyzed by TurboMass 6.1 software.
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6

GC-MS analysis of post-fermented biomass

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As described above, the samples (1 mL) from the post-fermented oat straw and the post-fermented wheat bran with CDBB H-194 were obtained [35 (link)]. Afterwards, they were derivatized with 60 µL of pyridine and 160 µL of N, O-Bis(trimethylsilyl) trifluoro acetamide with trimethylchlorosilane (BSTFA, 1% TMS). They were injected into the Clarus 580 GC–MS instrument (Perkin Elmer, Waltham, MA, USA) coupled to Clarus SQ. 8S MS (Perkin Elmer, Waltham, MA, USA) with Elite-5 MS column (30 m × 0.32 mm × 0.25 μm). Helium gas was used at a constant flow rate of 0.55 mL/min. The oven temperature program was set to an initial temperature of 80 °C/3 min, a ramp to 180 °C by 5 °C steps, then 10 °C/min to 280 °C held for 10 min. The injector port temperature was 250 °C. Inlet line temperature of 200 °C, source temperature of 230 °C, solvent delay of 3 min and Mass of 30–500 m/z. Compounds were identified by comparing their mass spectral fragmentation with the library of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST).
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7

Quantification of PHA in Bacterial Cells

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Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis was used to determine the concentration of PHA in dried cells. 3–4 mg of lyophilized cells was subjected to propanolysis as described by Riis and Mai [34 (link)] but with modification. 1 mL 1,2-DCE and 1 mL n-propanol-HCl solution (4:1 v/v) was added to cells and incubated at 90 °C for 4 h. After cooling to room temperature the reaction mixture was extracted with 2 mL of triple distilled H2O and the lower organic phase was taken for analysis in a Clarus® 680 GC combined with Clarus® SQ 8 S MS (PerkinElmer, USA) equipped with Elite-624 column (PerkinElmer, 30 m × 0.5 mm, 1.4 µm). The GC program was set up as follows: initial temperature 80 °C for 5 min, ramping at 10 °C min−1 to 235 °C and held for 10 min.
Commercial PHB-V (Sigma-Aldrich, 12%mol of PHV) was used to construct a standard curve. The analysis was conducted in triplicate and results were analyzed by TurboMass 6.1 software.
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