The imaging session was performed at Hospital de Braga (Braga, Portugal) on a clinical approved Siemens Magnetom Avanto 1.5 T MRI scanner (Siemens Medical Solutions, Erlangen, Germany) and using a 12‐channel receive‐only head‐coil. The imaging protocol included several different acquisitions. For the present study, only one structural and one rs‐fMRI acquisition were considered. For the structural acquisition, a T1‐weighted magnetization prepared rapid gradient echo (MPRAGE) sequence with the following parameters was used: 176 sagittal slices, TR/TE= 2,730/3.48 ms, FA = 7°, slice thickness = 1 mm, slice gap = 0 mm, voxel size= 1 × 1 mm2, FoV = 256 mm. For the rs‐fMRI acquisition, a blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) sensitive echo‐planar imaging (EPI) sequence was used: 30 axial slices, TR/TE = 2,000/30 ms, FA = 90°, slice thickness = 3.5, slice gap = 0.48 mm, voxel size = 3.5 × 3.5 mm2, FoV = 1,344 mm and 180 volumes. During the resting state scan, the subjects were instructed to remain still, awake, with their eyes closed, as motionless as possible and trying to think of nothing in particular. After the scan, all participants confirmed that they had not fallen asleep.
Magnetom avanto 1.5 t mri scanner
Manufactured by Siemens
Sourced in Germany, Portugal
The Magnetom Avanto 1.5 T MRI scanner is a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) system manufactured by Siemens. It utilizes a 1.5 tesla (T) static magnetic field to generate high-quality images of the body's internal structures and functions.
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12 protocols using magnetom avanto 1.5 t mri scanner
1
Structural and Resting-State fMRI Acquisition
2
1.5T MRI Brain Imaging Protocol
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The imaging sessions took place at the Hospital of Braga (Portugal) on a Siemens Magnetom Avanto 1.5 T MRI scanner (Siemens Medical Solutions, Erlangen, Germany), using a 12-channel receive-only head-coil. The analysis was based on a structural acquisition. A 3D T1-weighted magnetization prepared rapid gradient echo (MPRAGE) sequence was used with the following parameters: 176 sagittal slices, TR/TE = 2,730/3.48 ms, flip angle = 7°, slice thickness = 1.0 mm, in-plane resolution = 1.0 × 1.0 mm2, FoV = 256 × 256 mm.
3
Structural and Diffusion MRI Protocol
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The brain imaging sessions took place at the Hospital of Braga (Portugal) on a clinically approved Siemens Magnetom Avanto 1.5 T MRI scanner (Siemens Medical Solutions, Erlangen, Germany), using a 12-channel receive-only head coil. Two acquisitions comprising the imaging protocol were considered in this study: structural and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI). For the structural acquisition, a 3D T1-weighted magnetization prepared rapid gradient echo (MPRAGE) sequence was used with the following parameters: 176 sagittal slices, TR/TE = 2,730/3.48 ms, flip angle = 7°, slice thickness = 1.0 mm, in-plane resolution = 1.0 × 1.0 mm2, FoV = 256 × 256 mm, slice gap = 0 mm. As for the DWI scan, a spin-echo echo-planar imaging (SE-EPI) sequence was used with the following parameters: TR = 8,800 ms, TE = 99 ms, FoV = 240 × 240 mm, acquisition matrix = 120 × 120, 61 2-mm axial slices with no gap, 30 non-collinear gradient directions with b = 1,000 s/mm2, one b = 0 s/mm2 acquisition, and two as total number of repetitions.
Prior to data preprocessing, all acquisitions were visually inspected by the authors, including a certified neuroradiologist, to confirm that none of the participants had brain lesions nor critical head motion or artifacts that could compromise data quality.
Prior to data preprocessing, all acquisitions were visually inspected by the authors, including a certified neuroradiologist, to confirm that none of the participants had brain lesions nor critical head motion or artifacts that could compromise data quality.
4
MRI Protocol for Clinical Stroke Evaluation
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A Siemens MAGNETOM AVANTO 1.5T MRI scanner (Siemens AG, Berlin, Germany) was used for this study. After enrollment, patients received the routine and standardized MRI examinations such as plain scan, DWI, FLAIR, and carotid/cerebral MRA. The main parameters were as follows. T1WI: TR = 2 113 ms, TE = 25.2 ms, thickness = 5 mm; T2WI: TR = 4 000 ms, TE = 102 ms, thickness = 5 mm; DWI: TR = 6 239 ms, TE = 77.5 ms, thickness = 5 mm; FLAIR: fast spin echo (FSE) sequence, TR = 7 277 ms, TE = 135 ms, thickness = 5 mm; MRA (with the 3D time-of-flight method): TR = 33 ms, TE = 3.8 ms, thickness = 1.2 mm, application of 3D reconstruction using the maximum intensity projection.
5
Mapping Population Receptive Fields Across Scanners
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Participants were scanned twice with a pRF mapping protocol. The first scan took place inside a MAGNETOM Avanto 1.5T MRI scanner (Siemens Healthcare, Erlangen, Germany) at the Birkbeck/UCL Centre for NeuroImaging (BUCNI) in the Experimental Psychology department of University College London, United Kingdom (henceforth referred to as London site). The second scan took place several months later in a MAGNETOM Skyra 3T MRI scanner (Siemens Healthcare, Erlangen, Germany) at the Centre for Advanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging (CAMRI) in the Faculty of Medical & Health Sciences of the University of Auckland, New Zealand (henceforth referred to as Auckland site). In both scans, participants were scanned with six runs for pRF mapping lasting 4 min 20 s each during which functional echo-planar images were acquired. Moreover, at both centres a structural T1 weighted brain image was acquired although the structural image from the second scan (at 3T) was not used in any further analysis. During the scans, participants were instructed to remain as still as possible and fixate continuously on a small dot in the centre of the screen. They were instructed to press a button whenever the fixation dot changed colour.
6
Structural MRI Acquisition Protocols
7
Preterm Neonates' Early Brain MRI
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Over a 7-year period (2006–2012), 234 very preterm neonates (122 males) born between 24–32 weeks’ gestation (median 27.7 weeks) were admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit at British Columbia’s Women’s Hospital, Vancouver, Canada and were enrolled prospectively. A total of 221 early (median postmenstrual age: 32 weeks, interquartile range [IQR] 30.4–33.6) brain MRIs were acquired on a Siemens MAGNETOM Avanto 1.5 T MRI scanner (Erlangen, Germany). All newborns were scanned without pharmacological sedation using an MR-compatible isolette (Lammers Medical Technology, Lübeck, Germany) and specialized neonatal head coil (Advanced Imaging Research, Cleveland, OH) as soon as they were clinically stable. The MR imaging protocol included a three dimensional (3D) volumetric T1-weighted sequence (repetition time [TR]: 36 ms, echo time [TE]: 9.2 ms, field of view [FOV]: 200 mm, slice thickness: 1 mm, no gap), and a two dimensional (2D) axial fast spin echo T2-weighted sequence (TR: 4610 ms, TE: 107 ms, FOV: 160 mm, slice thickness: 4 mm, gap: 0.2 mm)6 (link),20 (link). Neonates with large parenchymal hemorrhagic infarctions (> 2 cm), congenital malformations/syndromes, or antenatal infections were excluded.
8
MRI Acquisition Protocol for Neuroimaging Studies
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All MRI assessments were performed at Hospital de Braga (Braga, Portugal) on a clinical approved Siemens Magnetom Avanto 1.5T MRI scanner (Siemens Medical Solutions, Erlangen, Germany) with a 12-channel receive-only head-coil. The imaging protocol included several different acquisitions. For the present study, only the structural acquisitions were considered. For this, a T1-weighted magnetization prepared rapid gradient echo (MPRAGE) sequence was acquired with the following parameters: 176 sagittal slices, TR/TE = 2730/3.48 ms, FA = 7°, slice thickness = 1 mm, slice gap = 0 mm, voxel size = 1 × 1 mm2, FoV = 256 mm. Additionally, a T2-weighted sequence was obtained with the following parameters: 60 axial slices, TR/TE = 5750/83 ms, FA = 180°, slice thickness = 3 mm, slice gap = 3mm, voxel size = 1 × 1 mm2, FoV = 256 mm.
9
MRI Characterization of Rabbit Neuroanatomy
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The rabbits were anesthetized, fixed to a special board in the supine position, and scanned by a Siemens Magnetom Avanto 1.5T MRI Scanner (Siemens), using a body coil (excitation) and wrap-around surface coil (reception). T2 dual-echo fast spin-echo with fat-suppression (FSE-T2WI/PD) and SWI 3D sequences were used. The scan extended downward from a plane passing through the superior orbital margin to the medulla oblongata of the rabbit.
FSE-T2WI/PD acquisition was conducted using the following parameters: repetition time (TR)=2800 ms; echo time (TE)=33/78 ms; field of view (FOV)=12×12 cm; matrix size =256×256; and acquisition time =3.09 min. SWI acquisition was performed with a 3D gradient echo sequence, as follows: TR=49 ms; TE=40 ms; flip angle (FA)=15°; FOV=15×15 cm; bandwidth =80 KHz; and IPAT factor =2.
FSE-T2WI/PD acquisition was conducted using the following parameters: repetition time (TR)=2800 ms; echo time (TE)=33/78 ms; field of view (FOV)=12×12 cm; matrix size =256×256; and acquisition time =3.09 min. SWI acquisition was performed with a 3D gradient echo sequence, as follows: TR=49 ms; TE=40 ms; flip angle (FA)=15°; FOV=15×15 cm; bandwidth =80 KHz; and IPAT factor =2.
10
Diffusion-Weighted Imaging Protocol for Brain MRI
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All imaging sessions were performed at Hospital de Braga (Braga, Portugal) on a clinical approved Siemens Magnetom Avanto 1.5T MRI scanner (Siemens Medical Solutions, Erlangen, Germany) with a 12‐channel receive‐only head coil. The imaging protocol included several different acquisitions. For the present study, only the diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI) acquisition was considered. For this, a spin‐echo echo‐planar imaging sequence was acquired with the following parameters: TR = 8,800 ms, TE = 99 ms, FoV = 240 × 240 mm, acquisition matrix = 120 × 120, 61 2‐mm axial slices with no gap, 30 non‐collinear gradient direction with b = 1,000 s/mm2, one b = 0 s/mm2 and 1 repetition.
All acquisitions were visually inspected by a certified neuroradiologist, before any pre‐processing step, in order to ensure that none of the individuals had brain lesions and/or critical head motion or artifacts that could affect the quality of data.
All acquisitions were visually inspected by a certified neuroradiologist, before any pre‐processing step, in order to ensure that none of the individuals had brain lesions and/or critical head motion or artifacts that could affect the quality of data.
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