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3 protocols using phenol nitroprusside solution

1

Comprehensive Biophysical Characterization of PEGylated Hydrogels

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Polyethylene glycol (PEG) 4000 Da (A16151) was purchased from Alpha-Aesar. Bovine serum albumin (BSA) (A7638), Potassium phospate dibasic trihydrate (60349), 3-(Trimethoxysilyl)propylmethacrylate (440159), 2-Hydroxy-4′-(2-hydroxyyethoxy)-2-methylpropiophenone (410896), Poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) 700 Da (455008), l-lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) from muscle rabbit (L1254), Jack bean urease (U4002), β-Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, reduced disodium salt hydrate (NADH) (N8129), Pyruvate (P8524), Lactate assay Kit (MAK064), Phenol nitroprusside solution (P6994), Alkaline hypochlorite solution (A1727), Urease Activity Assay Kit (MAK120), Rhodamine-B (R6626) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Potassium phosphate monobasic (42420) was purchased from Acros Organics. Deuterium oxide (D2O) (DE50B) was purchased from Apollo. N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) (D119) was purchased from Fisher Chemicals. Alexa Fluor 594 and 488 Microscale Protein Labeling Kit (A30008 and A30006) and Carboxylic acid, Acetate, Succinimidyl Ester SNARF-1 (S2280) were purchased from Thermo Fischer Scientific. Trichloroacetic acid (TCA) (34603) was purchased from Nacalai Tesque. Fluorescent polystyrene nanoparticles tracers of 0.2 and 1 μm of diameter (FCDG003, FCDG006) were purchased from Bangs Laboratories. Fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) (AB178737) was purchased from abcr.
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2

Serum BUN Measurement Protocol

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Serum BUN was measured as previously described (Cheng et al., 2009 (link)). Briefly, 0.15 mL urease Buffer
Reagent (U-3383, Sigma) was added to 50 μL serum for 20
minutes at room temperature followed by 0.3 mL Phenol Nitroprusside Solution
(P-6994, Sigma), 0.3 mL alkaline hypochlorite solution (A-1727, Sigma), and 1.5
mL deionized water, in that order. The mixture was incubated for 30 minutes at
room temperature, and absorbance at 540 nm was measured. Standard stock solution
was prepared at the concentration of 10 mg/mL urea (U-5128, Sigma).
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3

Quantification of Urease Activity

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The assays used to characterize
urease activity were based on the Berthelot method.60 (link),61 (link) Briefly, in a 96-well plate, reactions of 50 μL of urea solubilized
in 1× PBS at a set concentration were mixed with 50 μL
of soluble urease (diluted to a final concentration of 0.5 nM in 1×
PBS) or particles and incubated for 2 min at RT. Wells containing
0–200 μM ammonium chloride solution (NH4Cl,
Sigma-Aldrich, cat. no. 254134) were prepared alongside the assays
in order to make a calibration curve to quantify ammonium production.
To stop the ureolytic reactions, 80 μL of phenol nitroprusside
solution (Sigma-Aldrich, cat. no. P6994) was added to each assay and
calibration standard, followed by 40 μL of an alkaline hypochlorite
solution (Sigma-Aldrich, cat. no. A1727). The plates were mixed thoroughly,
then incubated for 30 min at 37 °C, before reading the absorbance
of the plate at 630 nm. The rate of the urease reaction was determined
using the NH4Cl calibration curve.
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