To remove the slight oxide layer on porous silicon particles, the particles were mixed in an aqueous solution of 0.05% hydrogen fluoride for 5 min. The particles were washed three times in water and then three times in isopropyl alcohol (IPA) using centrifugation 3000 g for 3 min. The concentration of DPS particles was measured by a Multisizer 4 Coulter Particle Counter. 15 million particles per mL (mp per mL) concentration was used in our work, except for following special instructions. DPS particles were added to a 10% (m/m) aqueous solution of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), and different concentrations of HAuCl4 solution were quickly added under ultrasonic agitation for 30 min, respectively. Then, resulted Au–DPS particles were separated from the reaction solution by centrifugation at 20 000 g for 1 min. The Au–DPS particles were washed three times in water and then three times in IPA at 3000 g for 3 min. A DU® 730 life science ultraviolet (UV)-visible (vis) spectro-photometer was used to measure the spectrum of the solution. The morphology of DPS particles was assessed with a Nano SEM 230 and a JEM-2100 field emission gun transmission electron microscope (TEM). The mass of the chemical elements was measured with a Varian 720-ES inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer (ICP-OES).
720 es inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer icp oes
Manufactured by Agilent Technologies
Sourced in Belgium
The 720-ES inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer (ICP-OES) is a laboratory instrument designed for elemental analysis. It utilizes an inductively coupled plasma to atomize and excite the sample, and an optical emission spectrometer to detect and measure the specific wavelengths of light emitted by the excited elements. The 720-ES ICP-OES provides simultaneous multi-element analysis capabilities.
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3 protocols using 720 es inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer icp oes
1
Synthesis of Au-Doped Porous Silicon
2
Characterization of Caesium Lead Chloride Nanocrystals
3
Quantifying Cellular Uptake of NPs
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Experiments were conducted on NR8383 cells to determine the amount of cytotoxic NPs in contact with the cell layers, whether inside or on the cells, after 24 h of exposure. In order to obtain the amount of material for reliable elementary determinations, the experiment was carried out on 1 × 106 cells/5 mL in 6-well plates and exposed to both ¼ IC50 and IC50 of ZnO and ZnFe2O4, knowing that the IC50 of ZnO and ZnFe2O4 on NR8383 were 0.51 (16 μg/mL) and 18.5 cm2/cm2 (68 μg/mL), respectively. After 24 h of exposure, cells were centrifuged at a low speed of 300×g for 10 min, washed with NaCl 0.9%, and resuspended in 500 μL NaCl 0.9%. After mineralization with 12 N HCl in microwaves from room temperature up to 180 °C, and then held at 180 °C for 15 min, Zn and Fe were directly measured by using the 720-ES Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometer (ICP-OES) (Varian, Belgium). Mass equivalents of ZnO (MW 81.38) and ZnFe2O4 (MW 241.07) in contact with cells have been calculated from the amount of Zn (MW 65.38) and Fe (MW 55.8) measured.
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