The diagnosis of HCV infection was based on the presence of anti-HCV antibodies in the patients sera, detection of serum HCV RNA, histologically verified fibrosis stage and clinical follow-up. The HCV genotype was determined by the hybridization technique using VERSANT HCV genotype assay (LiPA) (Bayer HealthCare LLC, Tarrytown, NY). The range of fibrosis was classified according to the Metavir scoring system from F0 to F4 (cirrhosis). The serum samples were stored in aliquots at -40ºC until use.
HCV infection treatment (pegylated interferon-α-2a plus ribavirin therapy) (IFN-RBV) was conducted according to the National Guidelines approved by the Estonian Society for Infectious Diseases in 2010. The response to therapy was evaluated as a Sustained Virological Response (SVR), No Response (NR) or Relapse (RL) at 24 weeks following the end of treatment.