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Liveamp 32

Manufactured by Brain Products
Sourced in Germany

LiveAmp 32 is a portable, high-performance EEG amplifier designed for research and clinical applications. It features 32 channels for recording brain activity and supports wireless data transmission for flexible, cable-free setups. The device is capable of capturing high-quality EEG signals with low noise and high sampling rates.

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6 protocols using liveamp 32

1

Multimodal Neuroimaging: EEG and fNIRS

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EEG signals were recorded at 500 Hz with a LiveAmp-32 device and in BrainVision Recorder 1.23 (Brain Products GmbH, Gilching, Germany). fNIRS signals were recorded at 10 Hz with an eight-source/seven-detector (plus eight additional short-distance channels) time-multiplexed dual-wavelength NIRSport2 device using Aurora 2020.7 (NIRx Medical Technologies LLC, Glen Head, NY, USA). 28 Ag/AgCl active EEG electrodes were positioned according to the 10–20 system with online reference at FCz and fNIRS optodes were positioned in between in a custom montage (see Fig. 4). Optode positioning was determined with the fNIRS Location Decider fOLD v2.261 (link), using the AAL2 brain atlas for coverage of the middle frontal gyrus. Seven channels with a specificity of 47.4% or higher were obtained. As the fOLD solution did not exhaust the number of optodes available, the remaining four optodes were added for optimal coverage, resulting in eight additional channels. The source-detector distances varied between 26 and 39 mm (M = 34 mm).

Combined fNIRS-EEG montage. Colours: Blue = fNIRS detector; yellow = fNIRS source incl. short distance channel; green = electrode, grey = ground electrode, black = reference electrode.

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2

Wireless EEG Acquisition with LiveAmp

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For the EEG acquisition, the LiveAmp 32 (Brain Products, Gilching, Germany) system was used. LiveAmp is a wireless amplifier with 32 active electrodes arranged in the 10-20 standard configuration, and a triaxial accelerometer (Figure 2C). The EEG signals were sampled at 250 Hz.
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3

EEG Acquisition during Cognitive Tasks

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We used a passive electrode cap which contains 32 scalp electrodes according to the international 10/20 system: Fp1, Fp2, F7, F3, Fz, F4, F8, FC5, FC1, FC2, FC6, T7, C3, Cz, C4, T8, CP5, CP1, CP2, CP6, P7, P3, Pz, P4, P8, O1, O2, VEOG, LEOG, and REOG (LiveCap, Brain Vision, Garner, NC). A wireless 32-channel, 24-bit EEG amplifier (LiveAmp 32, Brain Products, Gilching, Germany) was used to obtain EEG recordings with an impedance check of < 10 KΩ with respect to a reference electrode FCz at a sampling rate of 500 Hz. The recorded EEG channels were re-referenced to the average mastoids. The referenced EEG signals were detrended using a high-pass filter with a cutoff frequency of 0.5 Hz and denoised using a low-pass filter with a cutoff frequency of 30 Hz. EEG data were gathered from each participant during single- and dual-task activities. The time for performing color–word matching, arithmetic calculation, and spatial working memory tasks while cycling or at rest were about 7, 16, and 20 min. The impedance was therefore checked before each experimental task.
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4

Simultaneous EEG-fNIRS Neurotechnology Montage

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EEG signals were recorded from 28 Ag/AgCl active electrodes at 500 Hz with a LiveAmp-32 in BrainVision Recorder 1.24 (Brain Products GmbH, Gilching, Germany). The electrodes were positioned according to the 10–20 system with online reference at FCz. fNIRS optodes were positioned in between to form 15 channels (see Fig. 4). Recording was performed at 10 Hz with a NIRSport2 with eight sources, seven detectors and eight short-distance channels, in the software Aurora 2021.9 (NIRx Medical Technologies LLC, Glen Head, NY, USA). Further details on the montage design can be found in our previous study37 (link).

Combined EEG-fNIRS montage. Black = electrode used in analysis, grey = electrode not used in analysis, white = reference and ground electrodes, blue = fNIRS detector, yellow = fNIRS source incl. short distance channel, dashed lines = fNIRS channel.

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5

EEG Acquisition in VR Environment

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Thirty channels of EEG activity were recorded in accordance with the international 10/20 system (Sharbrough et al., 1991 (link)) using a mobile amplifier (LiveAmp32) and active electrodes (actiCap; both by BrainProducts, Gilching, Germany, RRID:SCR_009443). Two additional electrooculogram (EOG) electrodes were placed below and next to the right eye to track eye movements. Data were sampled at 500 Hz with a hardware-based low-pass filter at 131 Hz and referenced to electrode FCz. The amplifier was placed on a high table in the back of the participant to minimize the pull on electrode cables and provide maximal freedom for head movements. The VR headset was placed carefully on top of the EEG cap, and impedances were brought below 10 kΩ. With the same amplifier, electrocardiography and galvanic skin responses were additionally acquired. These peripheral physiological data and the inter-individual differences in interoceptive accuracy are beyond the scope of this paper, and their results will be reported elsewhere.
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6

Resting-State EEG Acquisition and Analysis

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Due to COVID-19, electrophysiological metrics were calculated from EEG recorded at rest using a combination of standard face-to-face EEG collection procedures and archival data. EEG recordings used either a LiveAmp or actiCHamp (Brain Products GmbH, Gilching, Germany) with 32
or 64 active Ag/AgCl electrodes mounted in an elastic cap (actiCap or BrainCap, Brain Products GmbH, Gilching, Germany). Electrode placement followed the 10/20 system. Horizontal and vertical eye movements and blinks were monitored with electrodes placed above and slightly below the left eye or with frontal channels (i.e., Fp1/Fp2) if electrooculographic (EOG) channels were not present.
All channels were amplified using a BrainVision amplifier (LiveAmp 32 or actiCHamp base unit 5001, Brain Products, GmbH) at either a 500 Hz or 1000 Hz sampling rate. All EEG pre-processing and analysis was performed using MNE-Python (Gramfort et al., 2013) (link). Raw data were band-pass-filtered from 1 to 40 Hz (zero-phase, hamming windowed finite impulse response). Data were rereferenced to the average of left and right mastoid electrodes or close proximity to mastoids (e.g., TP9/TP10) and resampled to 500 Hz.
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