Jsm 6701f scanning electron microscope

Prior processing, 0.50 mL of 0.5 McFarland E. coli suspension was incubated with 4.50 mL of honey at 37 °C for 24 h. The sample was then centrifuged at 3500 rpm for 5 min, the pellet was fixed with 2.5% (v/v) glutaraldehyde in 0.01 M phosphate buffer solution (PBS) for overnight. The sample was washed thrice for 10 min with 0.01 M PBS and subsequently by distilled water for another 10 min. The sample was dehydrated with ascending concentrations of ethanol solution, started with 25% (v/v) ethanol solution for 5 min followed by 50% (v/v) ethanol solution for 10 min, 75% (v/v) ethanol solution for 10 min, 95% (v/v) ethanol solution for 10 min and lastly with absolute ethanol for 10 min. After dehydration, the sample was subjected to freeze drying for 24 h. Thereafter, the sample was transferred to a carbon tape on copper stage and coated with platinum and viewed under JEOL JSM-6701F scanning electron microscope. The steps were repeated for negative control by replacing honey with normal saline added to the bacterial suspension.

The crystal structure was examined using X-ray diffraction diffractometer (X’pert PRO, PANalytical, Almelo, The Netherlands). The BET-specific surface area, pore diameter, and pore size were determined via the N₂ adsorption–desorption isotherms at 77 K with a surface area (ASAP 2010, Micromeritics, Norcross, Georgia, USA). The morphologies were studied by field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) (JSM-6701F scanning electron microscope, JEOL, Tokio, Japan) and transmission electron microscope (TEM) (Tecnai G2TF20, FEI, Hillsboro, Oregon, USA). The functional groups were characterized using Fourier transmission infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) (model IFS120HR, Bruker, Karlsruhe, Germany) equipped with a DTGS detector, collecting 32 scans per sample at a resolution of 4 cm⁻¹ and Raman spectroscopy (model IFS120HR, Bruker, Germany). Zeta potential was determined using a Zeta sizer Nano-ZS90 dynamic light scattering instrument (Malvern, Britain). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS, ESCALAB 250Xi, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, Massachusetts, USA) was used to identify the electronic state and chemical bonding at the surface of the synthesized samples. The concentration of sulfonamides was measured by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC, 1260 Infinity series, Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, California, USA).

nAChRs labeled with Alexa 488 and gold nanocrystals were observed with a fluorescent microscope (Axioplan 2, Carl Zeiss, Oberkochen, Germany) and then were fixed with 2% paraformaldehyde solubilized in PBS. The positions of the nAChR clusters were recorded using grid maps captured with phase contrast. After observation through fluorescent microscopy, clusters were further fixed with 2.5% glutaraldehyde for one hour and then dehydrated in graded ethanol and t-butanol. Samples were then freeze-dried with JFD-320 (JEOL, Tokyo, Japan). Gold nanocrystals at the fluorescent site were imaged using a JSM-6701F scanning electron microscope (JEOL).

X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) was employed to investigate the phase purity of the samples on a D8 Advance X-ray diffractometer (Bruker AXS, Karlsruhe, Germany). The morphologies and microstructures of the products were observed by field-emission scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and field-emission transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The SEM investigation was performed on a JSM-6701F scanning electron microscope (JEOL Ltd., Tokyo, Japan), and the TEM observation was carried out on a JEM-1200EX transmission electron microscope (JEOL Ltd., Tokyo, Japan). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was used to record the chemical states of the elements on a PHI-5702 multi-functional X-ray photoelectron spectrometer (Physical Electronics, Chanhassen, MN, USA). The ultraviolet–visible (UV-Vis) diffuse reflectance spectra of the samples were tested by using a TU-1901 double beam UV-Vis spectrophotometer (Beijing Purkinje General Instrument Co. Ltd., Beijing, China) with BaSO₄ as a reference. An RF-6000 fluorescence spectrophotometer (Shimadzu, Kyoto, Japan) was available to record the PL spectra of the samples (excitation wavelength: ~350 nm).