Dexamethasone d1756

Manufactured by Merck Group

Sourced in United States, China

Dexamethasone (D1756) is a synthetic glucocorticoid used in the laboratory setting. It is a white or almost white, crystalline powder. Dexamethasone is soluble in alcohol and chloroform, and practically insoluble in water.

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Lab products found in correlation

Pierce bca protein assay kit, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions) Ab126820, by Abcam (1 mentions) Sodium tripolyphosphate, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Synthetic hydroxyapatite, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Acetic acid, by Vetec (1 mentions) Ab108337, by Abcam (1 mentions) Calnexin, by Cell Signaling Technology (1 mentions) Pkh67 green fluorescent cell linker kit for general cell membrane labeling, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Cd81 antibody, by Santa Cruz Biotechnology (1 mentions) Pkh26 red fluorescent cell linker kit for general cell membrane labeling, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Grp94, by Cell Signaling Technology (1 mentions) Cd63 antibody, by Santa Cruz Biotechnology (1 mentions) Fitc conjugated goat anti rabbit igg h l secondary antibody, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions) Lamin a c, by Cell Signaling Technology (1 mentions) H2o2 h1009, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Fluoromount g 0100 01, by Southern Biotech (1 mentions) Insulin transferrin selenium solution, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions) Ascorbic acid a7506, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Sprague dawley rats, by Inotiv (1 mentions) Rnaimax, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)

8 protocols using dexamethasone d1756

Fluorescence Labeling and Protein Quantification

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Alexa Fluor™ 594-labeled phalloidin (A12381) and Pierce™ BCA Protein Assay Kit (23227) were purchased from Thermo Fisher Scientific, China. 4′,6-Diamidino-2-phenylindole dihydrochloride (DAPI, D9542), PKH67 Green Fluorescent Cell Linker Kit for General Cell Membrane Labeling (MINI67-1KT), lipopolysaccharide (LPS, Escherichia coli 0111: B4, L4391), β‐glycerophosphate (G9422), L‐ascorbic acid 2‐phosphate (49752), and dexamethasone (D1756) were from Sigma, China. Antibodies used in this study were rabbit polyclonal antibody against alkaline phosphatase (ALP) (ab126820; Abcam, China) and CD81 antibody (B-11) (sc-166029; Santa Cruz Biotechnology, China).

Lu H., Zhang Y., Xiong S., Zhou Y., Xiao L., Ma Y., Xiao Y, & Wang X. (2021). Modulatory Role of Silver Nanoparticles and Mesenchymal Stem Cell–Derived Exosome-Modified Barrier Membrane on Macrophages and Osteogenesis. Frontiers in Chemistry, 9, 699802.

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Chitosan-Hydroxyapatite Composite for Biomedical Applications

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Chitosan (CS), derived from the exoskeleton of Lipopenaeus vannamei shrimp (company, city, state abbrev if USA, country), 80–93% deacetylation degree, and viscosity average molecular weight of 1.7 × 10⁵ Da, kindly donated by Northeastern Biomaterials Evaluation and Development Laboratory—CERTBIO (Campina Grande, PB, Brazil). This chitosan is accredited by the National Institute of Metrology, Quality, and Technology (INMETRO) at the International Organization of Standardization (ISO)/International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) 17025:2005 and is used for medical applications. Synthetic hydroxyapatite (HA) with particle size <200 nm, sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP, technical grade, 98%), and dexamethasone D1756 (DEX) were purchased from Sigma–Aldrich^® (Darmstadt, Germany). Phosphate buffered saline solution (PBS) at pH = 7.4 and acetic acid (A.C.S reagent, >99%) were purchased from Vetec^® (Duque de Caxias, RJ, Brazil). Hydrochloric acid (HCl) (98%) was obtained from Nuclear (São Paulo, SP, Brazil) and ethanol (A.C.S reagent, >99%) was obtained from Neon^® (São Paulo, SP, Brazil).

L. Dantas M.J., F. dos Santos B.F., A. Tavares A., Maciel M.A., Lucena B.D., L. Fook M.V, & de L. Silva S.M. (2019). The Impact of the Ionic Cross-Linking Mode on the Physical and In Vitro Dexamethasone Release Properties of Chitosan/Hydroxyapatite Beads. Molecules, 24(24), 4510.

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Exosome Isolation and Membrane Labeling

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Exosome isolation reagent (from cell culture media) was purchased from Thermo Fisher scientific (4478359, China). PKH67 Green Fluorescent Cell Linker Kit for General Cell Membrane Labeling (MINI67-1KT, China) and PKH26 Red Fluorescent Cell Linker Kit for General Cell Membrane Labeling (PKH26GL-1KT, China) were purchased from Sigma. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS, Escherichia coli 0111: B4, L4391), β‐glycerophosphate (G9422), L‐ascorbic acid 2‐phosphate (49752), and dexamethasone (D1756) were from Sigma, China. Antibodies used in this study were rabbit polyclonal antibody against alkaline phosphatase (ALP) (ab108337, Abcam), CD63 Antibody (sc-5275, SANTA CRUZ Biotechnology), CD81 Antibody (sc-166029, SANTA CRUZ Biotechnology), calnexin (2679 T, cell Signaling Technology), Grp94 (20292 T, cell Signaling Technology), and Lamin A/C (4777 T, cell Signaling Technology). Secondary antibody used for immunofluorescence staining was fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-conjugated goat anti-rabbit IgG (H + L) Secondary Antibody (31635, Thermo Fisher Scientific, China).

Zhao Q., Zhang Y., Xiao L., Lu H., Ma Y., Liu Q, & Wang X. (2021). Surface engineering of titania nanotubes incorporated with double-layered extracellular vesicles to modulate inflammation and osteogenesis. Regenerative Biomaterials, 8(3), rbab010.

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Evaluation of Oxidative Stress Modulators

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Dexamethasone (D1756), dihydroethidium (DHE), FAC (F5879), human recombinant TGF-β2 (T2815), heparin (H3149), and H₂O₂ (H1009) were from Sigma Aldrich, USA. Human hepcidin-25 peptide (4040671) and trifluoroacetic acid were from BACHEM, USA. Reconstitution Buffer-4 was from R&D System, USA. Fluoromount-G (0100-01) was from SouthernBiotech, USA, and N-acetyl-L-Carnosine (18817) was from Cayman Chemicals, USA.

Ashok A., Chaudhary S., Kritikos A.E., Kang M.H., McDonald D., Rhee D.J, & Singh N. (2020). TGFβ2-Hepcidin Feed-Forward Loop in the Trabecular Meshwork Implicates Iron in Glaucomatous Pathology. Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science, 61(3), 24.

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NGF-Induced Chondrogenic Differentiation

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Two sources of NGF were added to the cell cultures. mNGF was purchased from Peprotech, Inc. (Rocky Hill, NJ, USA), and cvNGF was extracted and purified from the venom of Chinese cobra (Naja naja atra) as described in our previous study (8 (link)). Briefly, BMSCs were cultured in chondrogenic medium including 50 µg/ml ascorbic acid (A7506; Sigma-Aldrich; USA), 100 nM dexamethasone (D1756; Sigma-Aldrich; Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany), 1% insulin-transferrin-selenium solution (41400045; Gibco; Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc.) and 0.06 µg/ml mNGF or 6 µg/ml vNGF. For each experiment, cells at passage 2 were used and the seeding density was 2×10⁴ cells/cm². Experiments were performed at 7, 14 and 21 days.

Miao Z., Lu Z., Luo S., Lei D., He Y., Wu H., Zhao J, & Zheng L. (2018). Murine and Chinese cobra venom-derived nerve growth factor stimulate chondrogenic differentiation of BMSCs in vitro: A comparative study. Molecular Medicine Reports, 18(3), 3341-3349.

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Isolation and Culture of Neonatal Rat Cardiomyocytes

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Neonatal myocytes were cultured as previously described.25 Briefly, hearts from 1‐day‐old Sprague‐Dawley rats were isolated and dissociated. Enrichment of cardiac myocytes was performed using a Percoll gradient followed by differential preplating to eliminate any contaminating nonmyocytes. Cells were plated in DMEM‐F12 (high glucose with L‐glutamine and HEPES) with 10% fetal bovine serum for 24 hours, at which time the medium was changed to serum‐free medium. Cultured cardiomyocytes were treated with ethanol 100% (diluent control) or dexamethasone (D1756, Sigma, St. Louis, MO) 100 nmol/L for additional time periods of 1 hour, 6 hours or 24 hours, as indicated. The isolation of primary cardiomyocyte was approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee at Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey. Female Sprague‐Dawley rats with 1‐day‐old litters (male and female) were purchased from Envigo Inc, Princeton, NJ.

Severinova E., Alikunju S., Deng W., Dhawan P., Sayed N, & Sayed D. (2019). Glucocorticoid Receptor‐Binding and Transcriptome Signature in Cardiomyocytes. Journal of the American Heart Association: Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease, 8(6), e011484.

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Receptor-Mediated Regulation of TTP

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Estradiol (E8875, 17β-estradiol), progesterone (P-0130, 4-Pregnene-3,20 dione) and dexamethasone (D1756), were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich. Androgen (10300, 5α-Androstan-17β-ol-3-one) was obtained from Fluka Chemika. Human ERα antibody (Sc D-12, Sc HC-20) and Human TTP antibody (Sc-12565) were purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc. and TTP polyclonal (T5327) antibody was from Sigma-Aldrich. Human PR (ab-68195), GR (ab-2768) and AR (ab-74272) antibodies were from Abcam. TTP knockdown assays were performed using TTP siRNA mixture and control siRNA from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Sc-36760, Sc-37007). Lipofectamine 2000 was purchased from Invitrogen by life Technologies (11668-019).

Barrios-García T., Gómez-Romero V., Tecalco-Cruz Á., Valadéz-Graham V, & León-Del-Río A. (2016). Nuclear tristetraprolin acts as a corepressor of multiple steroid nuclear receptors in breast cancer cells. Molecular Genetics and Metabolism Reports, 7, 20-26.

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Adenoviral Vector Transduction for α-Synuclein

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Stocks of replication defective adenoviral vector expressing active TGFβ2 (AdTGFβ2) and empty vector (AdEmpty) were obtained from the University of Iowa (Shepard et al., 2010 (link)). RNAiMax was obtained from Invitrogen, USA, and was used as directed (Cat. No: 13778075). Dexamethasone (D1756) was obtained from Sigma Aldrich, USA. siRNA stocks for α-Syn (sc 29619) and scrambled sequences (sc37007) were obtained from Santa Cruz Biotechnology, USA. Monomeric human recombinant α-Syn (S-1001-2) was obtained from rPeptide, USA.

Tesmer V.M., Ford L.P., Holt S.E., Frank B.C., Yi X., Aisner D.L., Ouellette M., Shay J.W, & Wright W.E. (1999). Two Inactive Fragments of the Integral RNA Cooperate To Assemble Active Telomerase with the Human Protein Catalytic Subunit (hTERT) In Vitro. Molecular and Cellular Biology, 19(9), 6207-6216.

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