Daidzin

Manufactured by Merck Group

Sourced in United States, Germany

Daidzin is a laboratory equipment product manufactured by Merck Group. It is a chemical compound used in various research and analytical applications. Daidzin serves as a core function in specific laboratory procedures, but a detailed description cannot be provided while maintaining an unbiased and factual approach.

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Lab products found in correlation

Genistin, by Merck Group (39 mentions) Genistein, by Merck Group (33 mentions) Daidzein, by Merck Group (33 mentions) Glycitin, by Merck Group (14 mentions) Glycitein, by Merck Group (10 mentions) Methanol, by Merck Group (6 mentions) Acetonitrile, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (6 mentions) 2 2 diphenyl 1 picrylhydrazyl (dpph), by Merck Group (5 mentions) Glycitin, by Extrasynthese (4 mentions) Puerarin, by Merck Group (4 mentions) Quercetin, by Merck Group (4 mentions) Naringin, by Merck Group (4 mentions) Sodium carbonate, by Merck Group (4 mentions) Glycitein, by Extrasynthese (3 mentions) Formononetin, by Merck Group (3 mentions) 6 methoxyflavone, by Extrasynthese (3 mentions) Lc ms grade methanol, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (3 mentions) Alda 1, by Merck Group (3 mentions) Hesperidin, by Merck Group (3 mentions) Hesperetin, by Merck Group (3 mentions)

50 protocols using daidzin

Alda-1 Attenuates High Glucose-Induced Cardiac Fibroblast Injury

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CFs were divided into 7 groups after incubated (37°C, 5% CO₂) in a serum-free DMEM medium for 48 h:

Group 1: Normal group (NG), CFs were cultured with DMEM medium with normal glucose (glucose concentration at 5.5 mM) and treated with the same volume of solvent instead of drug.

Group 2: Normal glucose group + Alda-1 (NG + Alda-1), Alda-1 at 20 μM (the specific agonist of ALDH2, Sigma-Aldrich Co., St. Louis, MO, USA) [14 (link)] was added into DMEM medium with normal glucose and cultured for 48 h.

Group 3: High glucose groups (HG), CFs were cultured in DMEM medium with high glucose (glucose concentration at 30 mM) to induce injury for 48 h.

Group 4: HG + Alda-1 group (HG + Alda-1), for observing whether activation of ALDH2 can attenuate HG-induced CF injury, 20 μM Alda-1 was added into DMEM medium with 30 mM glucose and cultured for 48 h.

Group 5: HG + Alda-1 + daidzin (HG + Alda-1 + daidzin), 20 μM Alda-1 and 60 μM daidzin (the specific antagonist of ALDH2, Sigma-Aldrich Co., St. Louis, MO, USA) [15 (link)] were added into DMEM medium with 30 mM glucose and cultured for 48 h.

Group 6: HG + daidzin group (HG + daidzin), 60 μM daidzin was added into DMEM medium with 30 mM glucose and cultured for 48 h.

Group 7: Hypertonic group (HPG), for excluding the role of hypertonic, CFs were cultured with DMEM medium with 5.5 mM glucose and treated with 24.5 mM mannitol 48 h.

Gu X., Fang T., Kang P., Hu J., Yu Y., Li Z., Cheng X, & Gao Q. (2017). Effect of ALDH2 on High Glucose-Induced Cardiac Fibroblast Oxidative Stress, Apoptosis, and Fibrosis. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, 2017, 9257967.

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Identification of Plant Defense Compounds

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Genistein, genistin, daidzin, daidzein, jasmonic acid (JA), coronatine, benzo(1,2,3) thiadiazole-7-carbothioic acid S-methyl ester (acibenzolar S-methyl), and benzo(1,2,3) thiadiazole-7-carbothioic acid (acibenzolar acid) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Co. (St. Louis, MO, USA). Coumestrol, 2′-hydroxyGenistein, dalbergioidin, phaseollin, phaseollidin, kievitone, and phaseollinisoflavone were obtained and identified according to Durango et al. (2002) . Methyl jasmonate (MeJA), cis-jasmone and 2-carboxy cinnamic acid were from Alfa-Aesar Co. (Ward Hill, MA, USA). Methanol, ethyl acetate, NaOH, silica gel and all other chemicals were purchased from Merck KGaA (Darmstadt, Germany). 1-oxoindanoyl-amino acid conjugates were prepared from 2-carboxy cinnamic acid according to Krumm et al. (1995) (link) and Botero et al. (2021) .

Gómez K., Quenguan F., Aristizabal D., Escobar G., Quiñones W., García-Beltrán O, & Durango D. (2022). Elicitation of isoflavonoids in Colombian edible legume plants with jasmonates and structurally related compounds. Heliyon, 8(2), e08979.

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Isoflavonoid Inhibition Assay Protocol

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Glycitein (≥95%; CAS 40957-83-3), prunetin (≥95%; CAS 552-59-0), biochanin A (≥99%; CAS 491-80-5), formononetin (≥99%; CAS 485-72-3), and glycitin (≥95%; CAS 40246-10-4) were from Extrasynthese (Lyon, France). Daidzien (≥98%; CAS 486-66-8), genistein (≥98%, CAS 446-72-0), daidzin (≥95%; CAS 552-66-9), and genistin (≥95%; CAS 529-59-9) were from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Calycosin (99%; CAS 25389-94-0) was from Phytolab (Vestenbergsgreuth, Germany), and S-equol (97%; CAS 531-95-3) was from Toronto Research Chemicals (Toronto, Canada). The FLuc positive control was resveratrol (>99%; CAS 501-36-0; Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA), and the RLuc positive control was H-89 (99.34%; CAS 130964-39-5; MedChemExpress, Monmouth Junction, NJ, USA). The isoflavonoids were dissolved in cell-grade dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO; 99.9%; CAS 67-68-5; Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) and serially diluted to prepare 100× stock solutions. All of the isoflavonoids were screened in the in vitro FLuc and RLuc inhibition assays at 1, 10, and 100 µM final concentrations. Dose–response curves were generated for the active isoflavonoids and for the positive controls to determine the IC₅₀ values.

Kenda M., Vegelj J., Herlah B., Perdih A., Mladěnka P, & Sollner Dolenc M. (2021). Evaluation of Firefly and Renilla Luciferase Inhibition in Reporter-Gene Assays: A Case of Isoflavonoids. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 22(13), 6927.

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Soybean, Artemisiae and Mori Fermentation

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The reference standards of daidzin, glycitin, genistin, daidzein, glycitein and genistein were all purchased from Sigma−Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA)
Liquid chromatography (LC)/MS−grade acetonitrile, formic acid, methanol, and water were purchased from Merck Co. (Darmstadt, Germany).
Soybean, Artemisiae annuae herba and Mori folium used in the fermentation were purchased from YiFeng TCM shop (Nanjing, China) and authenticated by Associate Professor Jianwei Chen (Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China).

Chai C., Cui X., Shan C., Yu S., Wang X, & Wen H. (2019). Simultaneous Characterization and Quantification of Varied Ingredients from Sojae semen praeparatum in Fermentation Using UFLC–TripleTOF MS. Molecules, 24(10), 1864.

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Soybean Flour Phytochemical Analysis

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Soybean (Glycine max L.) flour was purchased from Chuncheon local market, Korea. Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) was purchased from Lotte food, Korea. Daidzin, glycitein, genistin, daidzein, glycitein, and genistein standards were purchased from Sigma (Sigma Chemical Co., St. Louis, MO, United States). Phenolic reagent (Folin Ciocalteu, 2 N), sodium bicarbonate (Na₂CO₃), aluminum nitrate (AlNO₃)₃, potassium acetate (CH₃COO₂K), DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1 picryl hydrazyl), phosphate buffer, trichloroacetic acid (TCA), ferric chloride, sulfuric acid, sodium phosphate, and ammonium molybdate were purchased from Merck Chemical Corp. (Darmstadt, Germany).

Azad M.O., Kim W.W., Jin C.W., Kang W.S., Park C.H, & Cho D.H. (2019). Development of a Polymer-Mediated Soybean Nanocomposite by Hot Melt Extrusion to Improve Its Functionality and Antioxidant Properties. Foods, 8(2), 41.

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Chromatographic Analysis of Isoflavonoids

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For chromatographic and chemical analyses, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-grade methanol was purchased from Merck Co. (Darmstadt, Germany) Ethanol, methanol, chloroform, and benzene, all of analytical grade, were obtained from Pecking Chemical Reagents (Beijing, China). Isoflavonoid standards, daidzin, and puerarin used for assay were purchased from Sigma Chemical Co. (St. Louis, MO, USA) Genistin, puerarin, daidzin, and daidzein (purity >97%) standards were purchased from the National Regulatory Authority, the Ministry of Public Health, DPR of Korea, and used as standards for thin-layer chromatography (TLC) analysis and assay.

Mun S.C, & Mun G.S. (2015). Dynamics of phytoestrogen, isoflavonoids, and its isolation from stems of Pueraria lobata (Willd.) Ohwi growing in Democratic People’s Republic of Korea. Journal of Food and Drug Analysis, 23(3), 538-544.

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Quantification of Soybean Isoflavones by HPLC

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Approximately 0.5 g of dry soybean seeds was ground, mixed with 10 mL of 80% methanol in distilled water followed by sonication for 20 min, and subsequently incubated at 80°C for 14 hours. The mixture was filtered through a 0.45-μm filter and transferred to 5-mL HPLC vials. Aliquots of this filtrate (20 μL) were utilized for HPLC analysis.
For HPLC, a Phenomenex C18 column (Shimadzu LC-20A, Japan, 250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5.0 μm) and binary gradient elution were used with solvent A (methanol, chromatography purity) and solvent B (distilled water). The ratio of solvent A was 15%–45% at 0–20 min, 45%–60% at 20–30 min, 60%–80% at 30–35 min, 80%–90% at 35–40 min, and 90%–15% at 40–45 min at a flow rate of 1 mL·min⁻¹. The temperature of the column was maintained at 40°C and the detector wavelength was set at 254 nm. Isoflavones were identified by comparison with authentic standards of daidzein, genistein, daidzin, genistin and glycitin (Sigma, St. Louis, MO, USA), and quantification of the isoflavones was carried out by reference to an external standard.

Zhao M., Wang T., Wu P., Guo W., Su L., Wang Y., Liu Y., Yan F, & Wang Q. (2017). Isolation and characterization of GmMYBJ3, an R2R3-MYB transcription factor that affects isoflavonoids biosynthesis in soybean. PLoS ONE, 12(6), e0179990.

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Antioxidant and Isoflavone Analysis Protocol

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The LB broth and agar media were purchased from Difco (Becton Dickinson Co., Spark, MD, USA). In order to measure the antioxidants and the enzyme activities, the reagents 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrydrazyl (DPPH), 2,4,6-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) and 2,4,5-tri(2-pyridyl)-1,3,5-triazine (TPTZ) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Co. (St, Louis, MO, USA). Chemicals for measuring TP and TF contents (such as the Folin-Ciocalteu’s reagent and diethylene glycol) were also purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Amongst the twelve isoflavone standards, daidzin, glycitin, genistin, daidzein, glycitein, genistein, malonyldaidzin, malonylglycitin, malonylgenistin, acetyldadzin, acetylglycitin, and acetyldaidzin were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich and the LC Laboratories (Woburn, MA, USA). For the analysis, the reagents and solvents (such as HPLC-grade water, methanol, acetonitrile, glacial acetic acid, etc.) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich and Fisher Scientific International, Inc. (Fairlawn, NJ, USA), respectively.

Lee H.Y., Cho D.Y., Jung J.G., Kim M.J., Jeong J.B., Lee J.H., Lee G.Y., Jang M.Y., Lee J.H., Haque M.A, & Cho K.M. (2023). Comparisons of Physicochemical Properties, Bacterial Diversities, Isoflavone Profiles and Antioxidant Activities on Household and Commercial doenjang. Molecules, 28(8), 3516.

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Comprehensive Flavonoid Characterization Protocol

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Reference standards of apigenin, daidzein, daidzin, formononetin, genistein and genistin were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich Co. (St Louis, MO, USA); astragalin, calendoflavoside, cosmosiin, cynaroside, glycitin, hyperoside, isoquercitrin, isorhamnetin 3-O-glucoside, luteolin, narcissin, nicotiflorin and rutin as well as 6-methoxyluteolin and 6-methoxyflavone as internal standards were purchased from Extrasynthese (Genay, France); 6-O-malonyldaidzin and 6-O-malonylgenistin from Synthose Inc. (Ontario, Canada); kaempferol 3-O-gentiobioside, quercetin 3-O-gentiobioside and quercetin 3-O-sophoroside from PhytoLab GmbH & Co. (Vestenbergsgreuth, Germany); Cacticin and trifolin from MedChemExpress (Monmouth Junction, USA). LC–MS grade methanol, acetonitrile and water were supplied from Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc. (Waltham, MA, USA). Besides, formic acid (Junsei Chemical, Tokyo, Japan) was used as eluent additive in extraction and chromatographic separation of flavonoid derivatives.

Lee S., Kim H.W., Lee S.J., Kwon R.H., Na H., Kim J.H., Choi Y.M., Yoon H., Kim Y.S., Wee C.D., Yoo S.M, & Lee S.H. (2022). Comprehensive characterization of flavonoid derivatives in young leaves of core-collected soybean (Glycine max L.) cultivars based on high-resolution mass spectrometry. Scientific Reports, 12, 14678.

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Isoflavone Content Quantification by HPLC

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The isoflavone contents in the fermented product extract were determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) using daidzin, daidzein, genistin, and genistein (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) as the standards for quantification. The HPLC system was equipped with a UV-VIS detector (Hitachi Chromaster 5420 UV-VIS detector, Hitachi, Tokyo, Japan) and Mightysil RP-18 column (5 μm, 250 mm × 4.6 mm, Kanto Chemical Co., Tokyo, Japan), and the conditions of HPLC followed the method of Yu and Yang (2019) with 0.1% (v/v) trifluoroacetic acid (solvent A) and acetonitrile (solvent B) as the mobile phase set at 0.8 mL/min of flow rate [33 (link)]. The gradients were set as solvent A: 90% at 0 to 10 min, 90% to 45% at 10 to 35 min, 45% to 90% at 35 to 45 min, and 90% at 45 to 60 min.

Tseng H.C, & Yang C.Y. (2022). Assessment of Ultrasonic Stress on Survival and β-Glucosidase Activity of Encapsulated Lactiplantibacillus plantarum BCRC 10357 in Fermentation of Black Soymilk. Foods, 11(9), 1234.

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